Nokea
Which of the following children are abnormal?
- A. 18-month-old who is able to put three blocks on top of each other and has a 2-word vocabulary
- B. 3-month-old who has just attained good head control, and is reaching for objects
- C. 5-year-old with difficulty in reading sentences from a book
- D. Bottom-shuffler who is still not walking at 16 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A 5-year-old with difficulty reading sentences from a book may indicate a developmental or learning disorder, which is considered abnormal for that age.
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All the following are true regarding coarctation of the aorta EXCEPT
- A. notching of ribs is noted
- B. doppler is useful for demonstrating severe obstruction
- C. diagnostic catheterization is mandatory before surgery
- D. CT and MRI are valuable noninvasive tools for evaluation when the echocardiogram is equivocal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diagnostic catheterization is not always mandatory before surgery for coarctation of the aorta.
Which is the incorrect statement regarding effect of dobutamine infusion in patients with heart failure
- A. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure decreases
- B. Mean arterial pressure decreases slightly due to interplay of actions on alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors
- C. Left ventricular end systolic volume decreases
- D. There is increased myocardial oxygen demand
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mean arterial pressure typically increases, not decreases, with dobutamine infusion due to its inotropic effects.
Blau syndrome is associated with
- A. Amyloidosis
- B. Sarcoidosis
- C. Hemochromatosis
- D. Myeloma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blau syndrome is associated with sarcoidosis
Manifestations of endocarditis include all of the following EXCEPT
- A. Gottron nodules
- B. hematuria
- C. petechiae
- D. splenomegaly
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gottron nodules are associated with dermatomyositis, not endocarditis.
A heart transplant may be indicated for a child with severe heart failure and:
- A. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- B. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- C. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- D. Pulmonic stenosis (PS)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is treated by procedures such as the Norwood procedure or heart transplant.