Nokea
Which of the following choices leads to an elevation in stomach pH?
- A. Impairment of the mucous neck cells
- B. Heightened activity of G cells
- C. Suppression of parietal cells
- D. Excessive expression by chief cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Suppression of parietal cells reduces HCl secretion, increasing stomach pH (making it less acidic).
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The intracellular canaliculi of parietal cells, all true except:
- A. Provides large surface area for ion pumps & ion transport.
- B. H+ ion result from degradation of (H2CO3) by carbonic anhydrase
- C. Carry ribosomes & continuous with rER around nucleus
- D. Carry more microvilli when the cell is active in HCl secretion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intracellular canaliculi are not continuous with rER; they are specialized for ion transport and expand with microvilli during secretion.
The nurse is caring for a client who is returning from the operating room following a cholecystectomy, or removal of the gallbladder. The nurse knows that the function of the gallbladder is to:
- A. Manufacture bile
- B. Concentrate bile
- C. Remove toxins from the blood
- D. Make albumin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The gallbladder concentrates and stores bile produced by the liver.
What is the word to describe the breaking up of large fat droplets into smaller ones?
- A. Catabolism
- B. Lipidolysis
- C. Lysolipidisation
- D. Emulsification
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Emulsification is the process of breaking large fat droplets into smaller ones, typically by bile salts, to aid digestion.
In a clinical research study on intestinal motility, a 24-year-old male graduate student is involved. The peristalsis of the small intestine:
- A. Aids in the mixing of the food bolus
- B. Is regulated by the central nervous system (CNS)
- C. Includes the contraction of circular smooth muscle both behind and in front of the food bolus
- D. Encompasses the contraction of circular smooth muscle behind the food bolus and the relaxation of circular smooth muscle in front of the bolus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Peristalsis involves circular muscle contraction behind the bolus and relaxation ahead, propelling it forward.
A patient who has undergone gastrectomy (removal of the stomach) may suffer from:
- A. cirrhosis
- B. pernicious anemia
- C. gastric ulcer
- D. inability to digest fats
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gastrectomy can lead to pernicious anemia due to reduced intrinsic factor production, necessary for vitamin B12 absorption.