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Which of the following choices would be the best beginning for an essay titled "Scientists Debate: Global Climate Change"?
- A. The Earth is heating up. The polar ice caps are melting, and whole species are going extinct while governments and scientists argue over rules and regulations.
- B. The argument seems to be about whether climate change is really happening and if so, who causes it. Some scientists argue that people are causing the change.
- C. If the Earth heats up, what will our new world look like? Scientists who have dedicated their lives to understanding climate change have projected a series of scenarios that could happen.
- D. While few people can understand all of the issues related to climate change, one thing is sure: scientists do not agree. There seem to be several different views on how to look at climate change data.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choice C would be the best beginning for an essay on 'Scientists Debate: Global Climate Change' because it sets the stage for discussion by introducing the potential consequences of Earth heating up and inviting readers to consider the implications. It also highlights the expertise of scientists who have dedicated their lives to understanding climate change, positioning them as credible sources for further discussion on the topic. The other choices either focus on the existing debate without providing a broader context (A and D) or present a narrow view on whether climate change is real and human-caused (B) without delving into the broader implications and discussions within the scientific community.
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Which of the following versions of the sentence is written correctly?
- A. Because she wanted to reduce unnecessary waste, Cicily decided to have the television repaired instead of buying a new one.
- B. Cicily decided to have the television repaired because she wanted to reduce unnecessary waste instead of buying a new one.
- C. Cicily decided to have the television repaired because she wanted to reduce unnecessary waste, instead of buying a new one.
- D. Because Cicily decided to have the television repaired instead of buying a new one, she wanted to reduce unnecessary waste.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Option A is the correct version of the sentence. It is written in a clear and grammatically correct way. The conjunction 'because' is correctly placed to show the reason for Cicily's decision, and the structure of the sentence flows logically. Choices B, C, and D have issues with sentence structure, placement of conjunctions, or unnecessary commas, making them grammatically incorrect. Choice B places 'because' in an awkward position, disrupting the flow of the sentence. Choice C introduces a comma after 'wanted to reduce unnecessary waste' unnecessarily, causing a punctuation error. Choice D shifts the focus of the sentence by placing 'she wanted to reduce unnecessary waste' at the end, making the sentence less coherent and grammatically incorrect.
The student feared she would fail, so she thought she should study harder. Which of the following is a correct revision of the ambiguous sentence above?
- A. Unless the student feared that she would fail out of school, she wouldn't study harder.
- B. The student said, 'she will fail out of the university unless she studies during her exams.'
- C. The student was afraid that she should study harder before failing out during her exams.
- D. 'If I don't study harder before the exams,' the student fretted, 'I will surely fail out of school.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Option D is the clearest revision as it expresses the student's concern directly through dialogue. The use of quotation marks provides clarity, and the student's worry about failing is stated clearly. The other options either lack clarity or contain grammatical issues. Option A introduces an unnecessary condition with 'unless' which changes the original meaning. Option B introduces a third-person perspective that is not present in the original sentence. Option C is awkwardly constructed and does not convey the student's concern effectively.
What kinds of clauses does the following sentence contain? "Although Ted had an impressive education, he had little experience working with individuals, which made him less effective at relating to them."
- A. Two dependent clauses and one independent clause
- B. One dependent clause and two independent clauses
- C. Two independent clauses and no dependent clauses
- D. One dependent clause and one independent clause
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sentence consists of one dependent clause, 'Although Ted had an impressive education,' which introduces a condition. It also contains two independent clauses: 'he had little experience working with individuals,' which presents a fact, and 'which made him less effective at relating to them,' which provides additional information. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Choice A is incorrect because it incorrectly identifies the number of independent and dependent clauses. Choice C is incorrect as it wrongly states that there are no dependent clauses in the sentence. Choice D is incorrect as it does not accurately represent the structure of the sentence.
Leaping to the saddle, his horse bolted.
- A. His horse bolted as he leaped to the saddle.
- B. When he leaped to the saddle, his horse bolted.
- C. His horse bolted, he leaped to the saddle.
- D. He leaped to the saddle, his horse bolted.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Option B, 'When he leaped to the saddle, his horse bolted,' effectively removes the dangling modifier by clearly connecting the action of the subject ('he leaped to the saddle') with the consequence ('his horse bolted'). This restructuring ensures that the sentence is stylistically and logically clear. Choice A changes the order of the actions, which alters the original meaning. Choice C incorrectly places 'he leaped to the saddle' after 'His horse bolted,' leading to confusion. Choice D does not address the dangling modifier issue and maintains the original error in sentence structure.
Which of the following correctly completes the sentence? 'A childhood reading of Tales from Shakespeare permanently _____ Helene's interest in studying the Great Bard.'
- A. piqued
- B. peaked
- C. peked
- D. peeked
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The word 'piqued' means to stimulate or arouse interest or curiosity. In this context, the sentence is referring to Helene's interest in Shakespeare being stirred or awakened, which makes 'piqued' the correct word. Both 'peaked' and 'peeked' have different meanings (reaching the highest point and looking quickly, respectively) that do not fit the sentence. 'Peked' is not a valid word and does not make sense in the context of the sentence. Therefore, option 'A' is the correct choice.