Nokea
Which of the following circumstances would warrant a continuation treatment phase of 7 months? Select all that apply.
- A. Noninclusion of rifampin in the initial treatment phase
- B. Noninclusion of pyrazinamide in the initial treatment phase
- C. HIV positive clients
- D. Cavitary disease after completion of initial treatment
- E. Positive sputum culture after completion of initial treatment
Correct Answer: B,E
Rationale: Noninclusion of pyrazinamide in the initial treatment phase, positive sputum culture after completion of initial treatment, and positive sputum culture after initial treatment in a client with previously diagnosed HIV infections would warrant a continuation of the treatment phase.
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A patient in the initial phase of TB is prescribed ethambutol. The nurse monitors the client for which of the following suggesting an adverse reaction?
- A. Hypersensitivity
- B. Skin eruptions
- C. Joint pain
- D. Myalgia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Joint pain is an adverse reaction of ethambutol. Hypersensitivity and skin eruptions are adverse reactions of isoniazid. Myalgia is an adverse reaction of pyrazinamide.
Tuberculosis responds well to long-term treatment with a combination of three or more antitubercular drugs. Which of the following is true regarding the duration of treatment for clients with tuberculosis? Select all that apply.
- A. The initial treatment phase should last for a minimum of 2 months.
- B. The initial treatment phase should last for a maximum of 2 months.
- C. The continuation treatment phase should last for 4 to 7 months.
- D. The continuation treatment phase should last for 6 to 12 months.
- E. Prophylactic treatment should be given for 6 to 9 months.
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that treatment begin as soon as possible after diagnosis of TB and include the following: initial treatment phase lasting for a minimum of 2 months, continuation treatment phase lasting for 4 to 7 months, and prophylactic treatment given to family members of the infected individual for 6 to 7 months.
Which of the following is true of secondary drugs to treat tuberculosis? Select all that apply.
- A. Secondary drugs are less effective than primary drugs.
- B. Secondary drugs are more toxic than primary drugs.
- C. Secondary drugs are used to treat extrapulmonary TB.
- D. Secondary drugs are used to treat drug-resistant TB.
- E. Secondary drugs are used as the first line to treat HIV patients with TB.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Secondary drugs are used to treat extrapulmonary and drug-resistant TB. Secondary drugs are less effective and more toxic than primary drugs used to treat TB.
A nurse would suspect tuberculosis caused by drug-resistant organisms in which of the following clients? Select all that apply.
- A. Clients who are HIV positive
- B. Clients who have no response to therapy
- C. Clients who have been treated in the past
- D. Clients who have asthma
- E. Clients who have smoke
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Tuberculosis caused by drug-resistant organisms should be considered in clients who have no response to therapy and in patients who have been treated in the past.
A nursing student is reviewing information about tuberculosis therapy. The student demonstrates understanding of the information when identifying which of the following as true about the initial phase of tuberculosis therapy? Select all that apply.
- A. Drugs are used to kill the rapidly multiplying M tuberculosis.
- B. Drugs are used to prevent drug resistance.
- C. The initial phase lasts approximately 6 to 9 months.
- D. The initial phase lasts approximately 2 months.
- E. The initial phase lasts approximately 4 months.
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: During the initial phase, which lasts approximately 2 months, drugs are used to kill the rapidly multiplying M. tuberculosis and to prevent drug resistance. The continuing phase lasts approximately 4 months and the entire treatment spans 6 to 9 months.