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Which of the following complications can occur if a clotted cannula is aggressively flushed?
- A. A clot can enter the circulation.
- B. An air embolism can enter the circulation.
- C. A painful arterial spasm can occur.
- D. Fluid extravasation into surrounding tissue can occur.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: If a clotted cannula is aggressively flushed, there is a risk that the clot may break apart and enter the circulation. This can lead to serious complications such as embolism, where the clot travels through the blood vessels and blocks blood flow to vital organs. It is important to handle clotted cannulas with care to prevent such complications from occurring.
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A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant. The nurse recognizes the posterior fontanel usually closes at which age?
- A. 6 to 8 weeks
- B. 10 to 12 weeks
- C. 4 to 6 months
- D. 8 to 10 months
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The posterior fontanel, located at the back of the infant's head, typically closes between 8 to 10 months of age. During infancy, it is normal for fontanels to gradually close as the bones of the skull develop and fuse together. The closure of fontanels is an important part of the infant's growth and development. It is crucial for healthcare providers to monitor fontanel closure as part of a routine physical assessment to ensure proper skull development and growth in infants.
A nurse is preparing to accompany a medical mission's team to a third world country. Marasmus is seen frequently in children 6 months to 2 years in this country. Which symptoms should the nurse expect for this condition?
- A. Loose, wrinkled skin
- B. Edematous skin
- C. Depigmentation of the skin
- D. Dermatoses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by a significant deficiency in calories and protein intake. Symptoms of marasmus include severe wasting of muscle and fat stores, giving the appearance of loose, wrinkled skin due to the loss of subcutaneous fat. Other symptoms may include lethargy, irritability, delayed growth and development, and weakened immune function. Edematous skin is more commonly associated with kwashiorkor, another form of severe malnutrition characterized by protein deficiency with adequate caloric intake. Depigmentation of the skin and dermatoses are not typical symptoms of marasmus.
What is smokeless tobacco?
- A. Not addicting
- B. Proven to be carcinogenic
- C. Easy to stop using
- D. A safe alternative to cigarette smoking
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smokeless tobacco refers to tobacco products that can be used without being smoked. These products usually come in the form of snuff, chewing tobacco, or dissolvable tobacco products. While smokeless tobacco does not involve the inhalation of smoke, it is still proven to be carcinogenic. The most significant health risk associated with smokeless tobacco is the potential to develop various types of cancer, including oral, esophageal, and pancreatic cancer. Therefore, it is crucial to understand that using smokeless tobacco is not a safe alternative to cigarette smoking, as it still poses serious health risks.
The clinic is lending a federally approved car seat to an infant's family. The nurse should explain that the safest place to put the car seat is:
- A. front facing in back seat.
- B. rear facing in back seat.
- C. front facing in front seat with air bag on passenger side.
- D. rear facing in front seat if an air bag is on the passenger side.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Placing the car seat rear facing in the back seat is the safest option for an infant. Rear-facing car seats provide the best protection for a baby's head, neck, and spine in the event of a crash. It is recommended to keep infants in a rear-facing position until they reach the maximum weight or height limit allowed by the car seat manufacturer. Placing the car seat in the front seat, especially with an active airbag, can be dangerous for an infant due to the force of deployment in case of an accident. It is important to follow the guidelines for safe car seat use to ensure the protection and well-being of the child.
Mr Santos is placed on seizure precaution. Which of the following would be contraindicated?
- A. Obtain his oral temperature g. Allow him to wear his own clothing f. Encourage to perform his own personal h. Encourage him to be out of bed hygiene
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a patient is placed on seizure precautions, obtaining oral temperature would be contraindicated. This is because sticking a thermometer in the mouth may pose a risk during a seizure episode, as the patient might bite down on it and cause injury. It is important to prioritize safety measures to minimize the risk of harm to the patient. Other methods of monitoring temperature, such as using a tympanic thermometer or a forehead thermometer, would be more appropriate in this situation.