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Which of the following correctly identifies the role of the physician and the patient in making health care decisions?
- A. The physician is the ultimate authority in making decisions about a patient's health
- B. The physician and the patient must establish together who makes decisions about the patient's health
- C. The physician has little direct influence on the patient's personal health choices
- D. Although it is the physician's responsibility to instruct the patient about his or her condition, the physician must ultimately respect the patient's personal health choices
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Shared decision-making balances physician expertise with patient autonomy.
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An alcohol-dependent patient was hospitalized at 0200 today. When would the nurse expect withdrawal symptoms to peak?
- A. Between 0800 and 1000 today (6 to 8 hours after drinking stopped)
- B. Between 0200 tomorrow and hospital day 2 (24 to 48 hours after drinking stopped)
- C. About 0200 on hospital day 3 (72 hours after drinking stopped)
- D. About 0200 on hospital day 4 (96 hours after drinking stopped)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because alcohol withdrawal symptoms typically peak between 24 to 48 hours after the patient stops drinking. This timeframe aligns with the onset of symptoms such as tremors, anxiety, and hallucinations. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because withdrawal symptoms do not peak within 6 to 8, 72, or 96 hours after drinking cessation. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the patient closely during this critical period to manage and prevent potential withdrawal complications.
zcording to social interactional theory, human beings differ from animals because
- A. Humans are only proactive and not reactive like animals
- B. Human beings have the ability to take the role of others
- C. Human show greater affection than animals
- D. All of these are correct
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Social interaction theory highlights humans' ability to role-take, a cognitive distinction from animals.
Which intervention will have the greatest impact on reducing the stigma and rejection currently experienced by individuals with mental illness?
- A. Providing services to the mentally ill that minimize the need to rely upon the community
- B. Holding activities at mental health facilities that are open to the community to foster acceptance
- C. Educating local citizen groups on the needs and experiences of the mentally ill in their community
- D. Focusing on improving the socialization skills of mentally ill individuals living in the community
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Educating local citizen groups on the needs and experiences of the mentally ill in their community. This intervention addresses the root cause of stigma - lack of understanding and awareness. By educating the community, misconceptions can be corrected, empathy can be cultivated, and stigma can be reduced. Choice A does not directly address stigma reduction but rather focuses on minimizing reliance on the community. Choice B, while promoting acceptance, may not necessarily tackle stigma at its core. Choice D, improving socialization skills, is beneficial but may not address the systemic issue of stigma. Ultimately, educating the community is key to fostering a more inclusive and supportive environment for individuals with mental illness.
Describe some of the environmental factors affecting families.
- A. Poverty, housing, community violence
- B. Personal beliefs, moral values
- C. Individual talents, personal goals
- D. Therapist biases, session frequency
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Environmental factors like poverty and violence directly impact family functioning.
Currently, the mental health system in the United States focuses on managing client disabilities. It has been suggested that the focus be changed. Which nursing intervention demonstrates an attempt to work toward that recommended focus?
- A. Assessing the depressed client often for suicidal ideations
- B. Teaching stress management techniques to new mothers
- C. Sharing the client's wish that his medications be provided in liquid form if possible
- D. Discussing with the client when his follow-up mental health visit can be scheduled
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because teaching stress management techniques to new mothers promotes prevention and empowerment, aligning with the shift towards preventive mental health care. By educating mothers on managing stress, potential mental health issues can be addressed proactively.
Rationale for other choices:
A: Assessing for suicidal ideations is important for safety but focuses on managing existing disabilities rather than preventive care.
C: Accommodating a client's preference for liquid medications is client-centered care, but does not necessarily shift the focus towards prevention.
D: Scheduling a follow-up visit ensures continuity of care but does not address preventive measures.