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Which of the following decreases respiratory efficiency?
- A. decreased blood flow
- B. increased surface area
- C. increased partial pressure gradients
- D. increased gas solubility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Blood flow supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide in the lungs, essential for efficient gas exchange.
Step 2: Decreased blood flow means less oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide removal, leading to decreased respiratory efficiency.
Step 3: Choice A is correct as it directly impacts the gas exchange process.
Summary:
- Choice B (increased surface area) would enhance gas exchange efficiency.
- Choice C (increased partial pressure gradients) would improve gas exchange efficiency.
- Choice D (increased gas solubility) would not directly affect respiratory efficiency.
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The physician orders a PFT. The patient asks you how the test is performed. The best response is:
- A. A tube is inserted into lungs while the patient is asleep to expand his/her lungs to their full capacity.
- B. The patient breathes through a mouthpiece into a spirometer until all air in lungs is expelled. Then the patient will take a deep breath through the mouthpiece. This is done three times and a computer calculates the capacity of lungs.
- C. The patient breathes into a spirometer to measure lung capacity.
- D. A computer is used to measure volume and vital capacity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Pulmonary function tests involve breathing into a spirometer to measure lung volumes and capacities. A is incorrect as no tube is inserted. C is incomplete. D focuses only on the computer aspect without explaining the procedure.
One of the following is a difference between pulmonary respiration of frog and human
- A. Diaphragm and ribs play role in respiration
- B. Lungs are respiratory organs
- C. Respiration occurs due to pressure gradient
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because in frogs, respiration is mainly driven by buccal pumping using their mouth cavity and floor of the mouth, while in humans, diaphragm and ribs play a crucial role in expanding and contracting the chest cavity for breathing. Choices B and C are incorrect as both frogs and humans have lungs as respiratory organs and respiration occurs due to a pressure gradient in both species. Choice D is incorrect as the difference lies in the involvement of the diaphragm and ribs in respiration.
Why may an ice collar be ordered for a client who is undergoing drainage of a peritonsillar abscess?
- A. To reduce swelling and pain
- B. To help the client drink fluids
- C. To prevent respiratory obstruction
- D. To prevent excessive bleeding
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. An ice collar reduces swelling and pain by constricting blood vessels and numbing the area. B (helping the client drink fluids) is unrelated. C (preventing respiratory obstruction) is not the primary purpose of an ice collar. D (preventing excessive bleeding) is managed differently, usually with direct pressure or medication.
A 17-year-old male is admitted following an automobile accident. He is very anxious, dyspneic, and in severe pain. The left chest wall moves in during inspiration and balloons out when he exhales. The nurse understands these symptoms are most suggestive of?
- A. Hemothorax
- B. Flail chest
- C. Atelectasis
- D. Pleural effusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Flail chest. Flail chest is characterized by paradoxical movement of a segment of the chest wall due to multiple rib fractures. In this case, the left chest wall moving in during inspiration and out during expiration indicates this paradoxical movement. This leads to ineffective breathing, causing dyspnea and anxiety. Hemothorax (A) is accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity, not associated with chest wall movement. Atelectasis (C) is collapse of lung tissue, not associated with chest wall movement. Pleural effusion (D) is accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, also not associated with paradoxical chest wall movement.
The collapse of lung is known as:
- A. pleurisy
- B. pleural effusion
- C. atelectasis
- D. pneumothorax
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: atelectasis. Atelectasis refers to the collapse of a lung or a part of a lung, leading to incomplete expansion of air sacs. This can be caused by various factors such as blockage of the airways or compression of the lung tissue. Pleurisy (A) is inflammation of the pleura, the lining around the lungs. Pleural effusion (B) is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. Pneumothorax (D) is the presence of air in the pleural space, leading to lung collapse. Atelectasis specifically describes the collapse of the lung itself, making it the correct choice.