Nokea
Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by the irreversible demineralization of the enamel and dentin, leading to cavitation and destruction of tooth structure?
- A. Gingivitis
- B. Dental caries
- C. Periodontitis
- D. Dental abscess
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay, is characterized by the irreversible demineralization of the enamel and dentin due to acids produced by bacterial activity. This process leads to cavitation and destruction of the tooth structure, ultimately resulting in the formation of a cavity. Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums, periodontitis is inflammation and infection of the supporting structures of the teeth (gums, bone, and ligaments), and a dental abscess is a collection of pus in the tissues surrounding the tooth, none of which are specifically related to the irreversible demineralization of enamel and dentin seen in dental caries.
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What is the M0ST APPROPRIATE nursing diagnosis for this patient?
- A. Self-care deficit related to neuromuscular impairment.
- B. Alteration in nutritional status related to possible choking .
- C. Alteration in nutritional status related to anorexia.
- D. Alteration in urinary elimination related to sensory motor impairment.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient would be "Self-care deficit related to neuromuscular impairment." This diagnosis is supported by the information provided, which indicates that the patient is experiencing neuromuscular impairment that is likely affecting their ability to perform self-care activities. A self-care deficit diagnosis is relevant when a patient is unable to perform activities of daily living independently due to physical or cognitive limitations. In this case, the neuromuscular impairment is likely impacting the patient's ability to engage in self-care tasks, such as feeding, grooming, bathing, and dressing. By identifying and addressing this self-care deficit, the healthcare team can help the patient maintain optimal functioning and independence despite their neuromuscular impairment.
A patient presents with knee pain and swelling following a fall onto a flexed knee. Physical examination reveals a palpable effusion and tenderness along the joint line. McMurray's test elicits pain and clicking with passive knee flexion and internal rotation. Which condition is most likely?
- A. Patellar tendinitis
- B. Medial meniscus tear
- C. Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) sprain
- D. uadriceps tendon rupture
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The presentation of knee pain and swelling following a fall onto a flexed knee, along with a palpable effusion and tenderness along the joint line, is highly suggestive of a meniscus injury. The McMurray's test specifically evaluates for meniscal tears. In this case, the presence of pain and clicking with passive knee flexion and internal rotation indicates a medial meniscus tear as the most likely diagnosis. Patellar tendinitis usually presents with anterior knee pain that is worsened by activities such as jumping or running. Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) sprain typically presents with lateral knee pain and instability. Quadriceps tendon rupture would present with significant weakness and inability to fully extend the knee, which is not described in this scenario.
Which of the following salivary glands is located superior and anterior to the ear and produces mainly serous saliva?
- A. Parotid gland
- B. Sublingual gland
- C. Submandibular gland
- D. Submaxillary gland
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The parotid gland is the salivary gland that is located superior and anterior to the ear. It mainly produces serous saliva, which is a thin, watery fluid rich in enzymes. The other salivary glands mentioned are the sublingual gland, submandibular gland, and submaxillary gland, all of which have different locations and produce different types of saliva.
Which of the following is an example of self directed learning activity?
- A. Research at work
- B. Attends webinars
- C. Attendance to graduate school
- D. Resource person
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Research at work is an example of self-directed learning activity because it involves taking the initiative to seek out information, learn new skills, and solve problems independently within a workplace setting. This type of learning requires self-motivation, self-discipline, and autonomy to set goals, gather resources, and develop knowledge or expertise in a specific area. Individuals engage in research at work to enhance their professional growth, expand their skill set, or address challenges encountered in their job responsibilities. It is a proactive approach to learning where individuals take charge of their own development and continuously strive to improve their performance.
Ms. Cruz is the supervisor of a hospital on night shift. Several nurses did not report due to Jeepney strike. When the supervisor is executing proper allocation of nurses to the PRIORITY wards to address this concern, she is observing what type of principle?
- A. Beneficence
- B. Non-maleficence
- C. Justice
- D. Fidelity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this situation, the principle of justice is being observed by the supervisor, Ms. Cruz. Justice in healthcare ethics involves fairness and equality in the distribution of resources, including the allocation of staff to provide care. By prioritizing the allocation of nurses to the PRIORITY wards to ensure that essential care is delivered despite the shortage caused by the Jeepney strike, Ms. Cruz is upholding the principle of justice by ensuring that each patient receives equal and fair access to healthcare services. This decision aligns with the ethical responsibility to provide care in a just and fair manner.