Nokea
Which of the following descriptions of chemotherapy is correct?
- A. Chemotherapy is externally given through high energy waves
- B. Chemotherapy is known to have fatigue as a common side effect
- C. Chemotherapy spreads throughout the body
- D. Chemotherapy attacks cancer cells only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemotherapy drugs are typically administered systemically, meaning they circulate throughout the body via the bloodstream. This allows them to target cancer cells that may have spread beyond the original tumor site, making chemotherapy an effective treatment for cancers that are metastatic (have spread to other parts of the body). However, because chemotherapy is not selective, it can also affect healthy cells that divide rapidly, leading to a range of side effects.
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The nurse is instructing a client on ways to reduce the risk of lymphedema after a mastectomy. Which of the following should be emphasized?
- A. Elevate the affected arm
- B. Avoid lifting heavy objects
- C. Use compression garments as prescribed
- D. Avoid wearing tight clothing
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After a mastectomy, particularly when lymph nodes are removed, patients are at increased risk for developing lymphedema, which is a buildup of lymph fluid that can cause swelling in the affected arm. Wearing tight clothing can constrict lymphatic flow and increase the risk of developing lymphedema by impeding normal lymphatic drainage. Therefore, it is crucial to advise patients to avoid tight-fitting clothing, especially around the chest and arm areas.
A nurse at a long-term care facility is amending the care plan of a resident who has just been diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia (ET). The nurse should anticipate the administration of what medication?
- A. Dalteparin
- B. Allopurinol
- C. Hydroxyurea
- D. Hydrochlorothiazide
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A nurse is preparing health education for a patient who has received a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Which of the following topics should the nurse prioritize?
- A. Techniques for energy conservation and activity management
- B. Emergency management of bleeding episodes
- C. Technique for the administration of bronchodilators by metered-dose inhaler
- D. Techniques for self-palpation of the lymph nodes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A gastrectomy is performed on a client with gastric cancer. In the immediate postoperative period, the nurse notes bloody drainage from the nasogastric tube. The nurse should take which most appropriate action?
- A. Measure abdominal girth.
- B. Irrigate the nasogastric tube.
- C. Continue to monitor the drainage.
- D. Notify the health care provider (HCP).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the immediate postoperative period following a gastrectomy, any bloody drainage from the nasogastric (NG) tube is concerning and requires prompt evaluation. This could indicate potential complications such as bleeding from the surgical site, erosion, or other postoperative issues. Notifying the healthcare provider immediately is crucial to ensure that the patient receives timely assessment and intervention. The presence of blood may necessitate further diagnostic procedures, interventions, or changes in management to prevent serious complications.
The nurse is caring for a client with multiple myeloma and is monitoring the client for signs of hypercalcemia. Which symptom would be an early indication?
- A. Polyuria
- B. Polyphagia
- C. Polydipsia
- D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In patients with multiple myeloma, hypercalcemia is a common complication due to the release of calcium from the bones as a result of osteolytic lesions. One of the early symptoms of hypercalcemia is polyuria, or increased urine output. This occurs because elevated calcium levels can lead to impaired renal function and increased renal excretion of calcium, which results in increased urine production. Early recognition of polyuria can help prompt further evaluation and management of hypercalcemia, as untreated hypercalcemia can lead to more severe complications.