Nokea
Which of the following diets would be most appropriate in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A. Low-fat, low-cholesterol diet.
- B. Bland, soft diet.
- C. Low-sodium diet.
- D. High-calorie, high-protein diet.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A high-calorie, high-protein diet supports nutritional needs in COPD, where energy expenditure is high and appetite may be low. Other diets are less specific to COPD requirements.
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Several clients have come to the emergency department after a possible bioterrorist act of arsenic overexposure. The nurse should assess these clients for which signs or symptoms immediately following the poisoning? Select all that apply.
- A. Violent vomiting.
- B. Severe diarrhea.
- C. Abdominal pain.
- D. Sensory neuropathy.
- E. Persistent cough.
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Arsenic poisoning typically presents with acute gastrointestinal symptoms such as violent vomiting, severe diarrhea, and abdominal pain due to its toxic effects on the digestive system. Sensory neuropathy and persistent cough are less common immediate symptoms.
When teaching the diabetic client about foot care, the nurse should instruct the client to do which of the following?
- A. Avoid going barefoot.
- B. Buy shoes a half size larger.
- C. Cut toenails at angles.
- D. Use heating pads for sore feet.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetic clients should avoid going barefoot to prevent foot injuries, which can lead to serious complications due to poor healing and neuropathy.
The nurse receives the preoperative blood work report for a client who is scheduled to undergo surgery. Which of the following laboratory findings should be reported to the surgeon?
- A. Red blood cells, 4.5 million/mm³.
- B. Creatinine, 2.6 mg/dL.
- C. Hemoglobin, 12.2 g/dL.
- D. Blood urea nitrogen, 15 mg/dL.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A creatinine level of 2.6 mg/dL indicates renal impairment, which can affect anesthesia and surgical outcomes. This must be reported to the surgeon. The other values are within normal ranges.
The nurse anticipates that a client who has received propofol (Diprivan) as the induction and maintenance agent for general anesthesia will most likely experience:
- A. Minimal nausea and vomiting.
- B. Hypotension.
- C. Slow induction of anesthesia.
- D. Small tremors of the skeletal muscles.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Propofol is associated with minimal postoperative nausea and vomiting, making it a preferred agent for many surgeries, especially outpatient procedures.
The nurse is assessing a client who is in the early stages of cirrhosis of the liver. Which focused assessment is appropriate?
- A. Peripheral edema.
- B. Ascites.
- C. Anorexia.
- D. Jaundice.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Jaundice (D) is a common early sign of cirrhosis due to impaired bilirubin metabolism. Peripheral edema (A) and ascites (B) occur later. Anorexia (C) is less specific.