Nokea
Which of the following diseases has the highest proportion of chronic illness deaths in Canada?
- A. Cancer
- B. Diabetes
- C. Cardiovascular disease
- D. Chronic respiratory disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cardiovascular disease tops Canada's chronic death chart 37% globally in 2012 outpacing cancer's 27%, respiratory's 8%, and diabetes' 4%. Heart attacks and strokes dominate, fueled by aging and lifestyle, a stat nurses lean on for prevention focus. Cancer's big, breathing woes and sugar issues trail, but heart's the killer king, a chronic burden demanding vigilance.
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The nurse is caring for a client who was recently diagnosed with hemophilia. Which of the following laboratory tests is consistent with that diagnosis?
- A. Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time
- B. Prolonged prothrombin time
- C. Decreased platelet count
- D. Decreased bleeding time
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemophilia factor VIII or IX lack stretches aPTT, as intrinsic clotting lags, a lab fit for this X-linked bleed fest. PT stays normal extrinsic path's fine. Platelets don't drop; bleeding time's off-base. Nurses spot prolonged aPTT, confirming hemophilia's clotting chaos, guiding factor therapy in this bloody diagnosis.
While a patient is receiving IV doxorubicin hydrochloride for the treatment of cancer, the nurse observes swelling and pain at the IV site. The nurse should prioritize what action?
- A. Stopping the administration of the drug immediately
- B. Notifying the patient's physician
- C. Continuing the infusion but decreasing the rate
- D. Applying a warm compress to the infusion site
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Doxorubicin's a vesicant swelling and pain scream extravasation, where it leaks into tissue, risking severe necrosis. Stopping the IV stat is priority to limit damage; delaying could worsen injury. Notifying the physician follows, but action comes first. Slowing the infusion keeps pumping toxin into the site disastrous. Warm compresses might spread the drug, unlike ice, which can help post-stoppage per protocol. Nurses must act fast, knowing vesicants like doxorubicin (an anthracycline) demand immediate cessation and often antidotes (e.g., dexrazoxane), critical in oncology to prevent permanent harm from chemo mishaps.
Which vaccination should not be given to HIV sufferers?
- A. ADT
- B. Pneumococcal
- C. MMR
- D. DPT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: MMR's live HIV's immune slump says no, unlike ADT, pneumococcal, DPT, or dead polio's safety. Nurses nix live shots, a chronic viral risk dodge.
Research into people's eating behaviour has produced several findings. Question: Which finding is NOT correct?
- A. When eating in a group, you eat more than when eating alone
- B. Portion size does not influence how much a person eats
- C. Low prices of high-calorie food contribute to overeating
- D. If you eat with people who eat a lot, you will eat more yourself as well
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eating truths groups, big portions, cheap junk, piggybacking all pile on, but portion size sways intake, not static. Nurses debunk this, a chronic portion myth.
A 79 year old woman is told by his GP that she has postural hypertension. Which of the following BP is she likely to be having?
- A. A drop of 15 mmHg/10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing
- B. A drop of 17 mmHg/10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing
- C. A drop of 21 mmHg/10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing
- D. A rise of 5 mmHg/10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Postural hypotension 21/10 drop flags, not rises or mild dips. Nurses catch this chronic stand slip (assuming typo meant hypotension).