Nokea
Which of the following diseases would require the nurse to wear an N95 respirator as part of personal protective equipment?
- A. Human immunodeficiency virus
- B. Clostridium difficile enterocolitis
- C. Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
- D. Measles
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Infections that require airborne precautions necessitate the use of an N95 respirator, a type of mask that filters particles that are 5 micrograms or smaller. Illnesses that require airborne precautions include Measles, Varicella, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and tuberculosis. Measles is a highly contagious airborne disease caused by a virus. It can spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Wearing an N95 respirator helps prevent the nurse from inhaling these infectious particles. Human immunodeficiency virus, Clostridium difficile enterocolitis, and Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus do not require the use of an N95 respirator as they are not transmitted through the air but have other modes of transmission.
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One of your patients is dependent on a mechanical ventilator for their respiratory needs. The patient cannot breathe on their own. Suddenly, the lights in the patient's room and the entire nursing unit go off. You realize that the electric power has been lost. What is the first thing that you should do for this patient?
- A. Plug the ventilator into the red outlet in the room.
- B. Plug the ventilator into the blue outlet in the room.
- C. Use an Ambu bag to ventilate the patient.
- D. Call the doctor about this emergency.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In healthcare facilities, emergency generators are in place in case of power outages. The red outlets in patient rooms are connected to the emergency generator and provide power during such situations. By plugging the ventilator into the red outlet, you ensure that the patient's mechanical ventilation needs are met despite the power loss. Using an Ambu bag or calling the doctor should be secondary actions after ensuring the ventilator is powered correctly. Plugging the ventilator into the blue outlet is incorrect and can result in the ventilator not functioning during a power outage.
A nurse is caring for newborn infants in a nursery when a man enters the area to take his baby back to the room. The man does not have an identification bracelet, and the nurse does not recognize him. What is the next action of the nurse?
- A. Call security and ask them to escort the man out of the nursery
- B. Ask the man to wait and check the infant's chart
- C. Ask the man to return to his room and bring an identification band
- D. Allow the man to take the baby to his room
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The safety of infants in newborn nurseries is maintained by requiring parents to wear identification bracelets to identify themselves as the rightful parents. This practice minimizes the risk of mistakenly allowing an unauthorized individual to take a baby. In this scenario, since the nurse does not recognize the man and he lacks an identification bracelet, the appropriate action is to ask him to return to his room and bring the identification band. This step ensures the proper identity verification before allowing the man to take the baby. Calling security without first verifying the man's identity may escalate the situation unnecessarily. Checking the infant's chart alone does not confirm the man's identity. Allowing the man to take the baby without proper verification poses a safety risk to the infant.
Your patient who had AIDS/HIV has just died. Should you still use standard precautions as you provide post-mortem care?
- A. Yes, because the virus is still transmissible
- B. Yes, because respect must still be maintained
- C. No, because the virus is no longer transmissible
- D. No, because it is disrespectful
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Yes, you should still use standard precautions even after an HIV/AIDS patient has died. The virus can remain infectious after death, and healthcare workers need to protect themselves from potential exposure. Choice B is incorrect because while respect is important, the primary reason for using standard precautions is to prevent transmission of infectious diseases. Choice C is incorrect as the virus can still be transmissible even after the patient's death. Choice D is incorrect as using standard precautions is a matter of infection control, not a question of respect.
Mr. and Mrs. K have just adopted a newborn infant and are preparing to take him home from the hospital for the first time. Which safety measure is most appropriate for the clients in this situation?
- A. Turn the handles of pans on the stove inward
- B. Set up a baby gate at the top of the stairs
- C. Cover electrical outlets with child-proof plugs
- D. Install an approved car seat that is facing backward in the back seat
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parents of newborn infants should use an approved car seat that has been installed facing backward in the back seat of the car. Securing infants in car seats, even from the first ride home from the hospital, promotes safety while transporting. While safety measures at home such as baby gates or outlet covers are important, they are not the priority safety measures until the baby is old enough to be mobile. The car seat is crucial for protecting the newborn during transportation, ensuring proper positioning and restraint in the event of sudden stops or accidents. Turning handles of pans on the stove inward, setting up a baby gate, and covering electrical outlets are important safety measures at home but are not as critical for the immediate safety of a newborn during transportation.
Which of the following safety precautions should the nurse discuss when working with an immunocompromised client?
- A. Avoid canned foods and increase consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables
- B. Hand-wash utensils after use and allow them to air dry
- C. Only drink tap water that has been filtered or boiled before consumption
- D. Never eat meals prepared in restaurants
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to only drink tap water that has been filtered or boiled before consumption. Immunocompromised clients are susceptible to infections, so it is essential to take precautions to prevent exposure to harmful pathogens. Drinking tap water that has been filtered or boiled helps eliminate potential pathogens that could be harmful to the client's health. Choices A, B, and D do not directly address the issue of avoiding potential pathogens that could compromise the health of an immunocompromised client. Thus, they are incorrect. Hand-washing utensils, avoiding canned foods, and increasing fruit and vegetable consumption are good general hygiene practices but may not specifically address the needs of an immunocompromised client.