Nokea
Which of the following drugs is a Class IC antiarrhythmic agent?
- A. Flecainide
- B. Digoxin
- C. Atenolol
- D. Verapamil
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A' is correct because flecainide is a Class IC antiarrhythmic, strongly blocking sodium without QT prolongation, per classification. 'B' (digoxin) is unclassified. 'C' (atenolol) is II. 'D' (verapamil) is IV. Flecainide's IC action is distinct.
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A patient is considering using herbal supplements and asks the nurse about them. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Herbal supplements are safe to use because they are regulated closely
- B. Herbal supplements can affect the way other medications will act
- C. Taking more than the recommended amount usually is not harmful because they are natural
- D. The risk of the supplement interacting with any prescription medications is extremely low
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Herbal supplements can interact with medications (B), per the text. They aren't closely regulated (A), overdosing can harm (C), and interaction risk isn't low (D). The text warns of potential effects, making B the most appropriate advice.
What is the standard reference range for vitamin B12?
- A. 0.2-0.9 ng/mL
- B. 20-90 ng/mL
- C. 200-900 ng/mL
- D. 2,000-9,000 ng/mL
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin B12's reference range is 200-900 ng/mL (Choice C), reflecting normal serum levels, making it correct. 0.2-0.9 ng/mL (Choice A) and 20-90 ng/mL (Choice B) are too low, and 2,000-9,000 ng/mL (Choice D) is excessively high, confirming C.
Which of the following lipid-lowering drugs is more effective at increasing HDL and lowering triglycerides?
- A. Simvastatin
- B. Fenofibrate
- C. Probucol
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B' is correct because fenofibrate (a fibrate) potently raises HDL and lowers triglycerides via PPAR-alpha activation, per lipidology. 'A' (simvastatin) mainly lowers LDL. 'C' (probucol) reduces HDL. 'D' is false—only fenofibrate excels here. It's preferred for dyslipidemia with low HDL/high TG.
A patient's perception that a pill without active ingredients is having a pharmacologic effect is termed
- A. tachyphylaxis.
- B. placebo effect.
- C. tolerance.
- D. dependence.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Placebo effect (B) fits the description, though not listed, it's standard pharmacology, making it correct over A (rapid tolerance), assuming intent. C and D unfit.
Which of the following is a Class IA antiarrhythmic drug, with chronic use, that causes a high incidence of side effects, including a reversible lupus erythematosus-like syndrome that develops in 25 to 30 percent of patients?
- A. Procainamide
- B. Disopyramide
- C. Lidocaine
- D. Mexiletine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A' is correct because procainamide (Class IA) frequently causes a reversible lupus-like syndrome in 25-30% of chronic users, per rheumatology. 'B' (disopyramide) has anticholinergic effects. 'C' (lidocaine) and 'D' (mexiletine) are Class IB, lacking this. Procainamide's immunogenicity is notable.