Nokea
Which of the following drugs is a class IV antiarrhythmic that is primarily indicated for the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias?
- A. Lbutilide
- B. Mexiletine
- C. Diltiazem
- D. Quinidine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diltiazem, a class IV antiarrhythmic (calcium channel blocker), is effective for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias by slowing AV conduction.
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The nurse notes in a patient’s medical record that nesiritide (Natrecor) has been ordered. Based on this order, the nurse interprets that the patient has which disorder?
- A. Atrial fibrillation
- B. Acutely decompensated heart failure with dyspnea at rest
- C. Systolic heart failure
- D. Long-term treatment of heart failure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acutely decompensated heart failure with dyspnea at rest. Nesiritide (Natrecor) is a medication used specifically for the treatment of acutely decompensated heart failure with dyspnea at rest. This medication helps to reduce cardiac filling pressures and improve symptoms in patients experiencing acute exacerbation of heart failure. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because nesiritide is not indicated for these conditions. Atrial fibrillation (Choice A) is a cardiac arrhythmia, systolic heart failure (Choice C) involves impaired heart muscle contraction, and long-term treatment of heart failure (Choice D) typically involves different medications like ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and diuretics.
Which of the following antipsychotic drugs has the high risk of potentially fatal agranulocytosis and risk of seizures at high doses?
- A. Haloperidol
- B. Risperidone
- C. Clozapine
- D. Chlorpromazine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clozapine. Clozapine is known for its high risk of potentially fatal agranulocytosis, a serious blood disorder. It also carries a risk of seizures at high doses. Haloperidol (A) is associated with extrapyramidal symptoms, not agranulocytosis or seizures. Risperidone (B) is less likely to cause agranulocytosis or seizures compared to clozapine. Chlorpromazine (D) can cause agranulocytosis but is not as well-known for this risk as clozapine.
Tick the luminal amebecide drug:
- A. Metronidazole
- B. Emetine
- C. Doxycycline
- D. Diloxanide
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diloxanide. Diloxanide is a luminal amebicide, meaning it acts within the lumen of the intestines to target and eliminate amoebas residing there. This drug is specifically effective against amoebic cysts and is not absorbed systemically. Metronidazole (A) and Emetine (B) are tissue amebicides, which act systemically to target amoebas in tissues. Doxycycline (C) is an antibiotic commonly used for bacterial infections, not for treating amoebiasis. Therefore, Diloxanide (D) is the correct choice for a luminal amebicide drug.
Actoprotectors are:
- A. Stimulators,improving physical efficiency
- B. Cognition enhancers improving the highest integrative brain function
- C. Stimulants raising non-specific resistance towards stresses
- D. Agents,stimulating the bulbar respiratory and vasomotor centers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because actoprotectors are substances that improve physical efficiency by enhancing endurance, stamina, and overall physical performance. This is supported by scientific evidence showing their positive effects on exercise capacity and fatigue resistance. Choice B is incorrect because cognition enhancers focus on improving cognitive functions, not physical performance. Choice C is incorrect as actoprotectors do not raise non-specific resistance towards stresses but specifically target physical efficiency. Choice D is incorrect because actoprotectors do not directly stimulate respiratory and vasomotor centers in the brain, but rather enhance physical capabilities.
Which drug is an analog of prostaglandin E1?
- A. Misoprostole
- B. De-nol
- C. Sucralfate
- D. Omeprazole
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Misoprostol. Misoprostol is an analog of prostaglandin E1, as it shares similar pharmacological properties. Prostaglandin E1 helps protect the stomach lining and promotes healing of ulcers. Misoprostol, by mimicking prostaglandin E1, can be used to prevent and treat ulcers caused by NSAIDs. De-nol (B) and sucralfate (C) work differently by forming a protective barrier over ulcers. Omeprazole (D) is a proton pump inhibitor that reduces stomach acid production, not an analog of prostaglandin E1.