Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test

Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test Related

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Which of the following endocrine system glands releases the thyrotrophic-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormones?

  • A. Thymus
  • B. Pituitary gland
  • C. Pineal gland
  • D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is responsible for releasing various essential hormones, including thyrotrophic-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormones. These hormones play crucial roles in regulating the functions of other endocrine glands by stimulating or inhibiting their hormone production. The Thymus (choice A) is primarily involved in the immune system, the Pituitary gland (choice B) secretes various hormones but not the ones specified in the question, and the Pineal gland (choice C) mainly produces melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles, and is not related to the hormones mentioned in the question.

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The motor cortex helps the brain by monitoring and controlling the body's movement. Where is the motor cortex located within the brain?

  • A. Back of the head
  • B. Top middle portion of the parietal lobe
  • C. Front portion of the parietal lobe
  • D. Around the auditory cortex
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Front portion of the parietal lobe. The motor cortex is located in the frontal lobe, specifically in the front portion of the parietal lobe. It is responsible for planning, controlling, and executing voluntary movements. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as the motor cortex is not located at the back of the head, top middle portion of the parietal lobe, or around the auditory cortex.

Which of the following is known as the production of red blood cells?

  • A. Thrombopoiesis
  • B. Erythropoiesis
  • C. Hematopoiesis
  • D. Phagocytosis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Erythropoiesis specifically refers to the process of producing red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the bone marrow. Hematopoiesis is the broader term that encompasses the production of all types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf and digest particles, while thrombopoiesis is the production of platelets. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it directly relates to the production of red blood cells.

What is the function of the skin in protecting the body?

  • A. To produce vitamin D
  • B. To protect against pathogens
  • C. To store nutrients
  • D. To regulate body temperature
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The skin serves several crucial functions in protecting the body. One of its primary roles is to act as a physical barrier against pathogens, preventing harmful microorganisms from entering the body. Choice A, 'To produce vitamin D,' is incorrect because while the skin is involved in vitamin D synthesis upon exposure to sunlight, its primary protective role is against pathogens. Choice C, 'To store nutrients,' is incorrect as the skin is not a primary organ for nutrient storage. Choice D, 'To regulate body temperature,' is a function of the skin, but the primary role in protecting the body is to act as a barrier against pathogens.

When an individual is under stress, hormones are released. Which of the following is not one of the locations in which hormones are released when under stress?

  • A. Posterior pituitary
  • B. Hypothalamus
  • C. Adrenal cortex
  • D. Parathyroid
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: During stress, hormones are released from the adrenal cortex, posterior pituitary, and hypothalamus to help the body respond. The parathyroid gland, however, is not typically involved in the stress response by releasing hormones. The posterior pituitary releases hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin, the hypothalamus secretes corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin, while the adrenal cortex releases cortisol and aldosterone in response to stress. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Parathyroid.'

A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in which part of the body?

  • A. Hand
  • B. Arm
  • C. Leg
  • D. Foot
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Damage to the ulnar nerve typically results in decreased sensation in the hand, particularly affecting the little finger and half of the ring finger. The ulnar nerve innervates the hand and is responsible for providing sensation to these areas. This nerve does not extend to the leg or foot, so choices C and D are incorrect. While the ulnar nerve travels through the arm, its primary sensory impact is felt in the hand, making choice B less specific and therefore not the best answer.

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