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Which of the following exercises should be taught to a pregnant woman who complains of backaches?
- A. Kegeling.
- B. Pelvic tilting.
- C. Leg lifting.
- D. Crunching.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pelvic tilting exercises help to alleviate backaches by strengthening the abdominal and lower back muscles. Kegeling, leg lifting, and crunching are not specifically targeted at relieving backaches.
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A patient with a history of asthma is about to receive an epidural block for pain management during labor. What should the nurse monitor for after the procedure?
- A. Respiratory depression
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Elevated blood pressure
- D. Hyperthermia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respiratory depression. After receiving an epidural block, the nurse should monitor for respiratory depression in a patient with a history of asthma due to the potential for decreased lung function. This is crucial as the medication from the block can affect respiratory drive, leading to compromised breathing. Tachycardia (choice B), elevated blood pressure (choice C), and hyperthermia (choice D) are not typically associated with epidural blocks and are not the primary concerns for a patient with asthma undergoing this procedure.
A nurse is caring for a pregnant patient who is at 40 weeks gestation and is experiencing a sudden increase in vaginal discharge. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Check for signs of labor and assess fetal heart rate.
- B. Encourage the patient to rest and monitor for changes in discharge.
- C. Perform a pelvic exam to assess the amount of discharge.
- D. Call the healthcare provider immediately to report the change in discharge.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the sudden increase in vaginal discharge at 40 weeks gestation could indicate the onset of labor. Checking for signs of labor, such as contractions and assessing fetal heart rate, is crucial to determine if the patient is in active labor. This helps in timely intervention and ensuring the well-being of both the mother and baby.
Summary:
- Choice B: Encouraging rest and monitoring changes in discharge may not address the urgency of the situation.
- Choice C: Performing a pelvic exam without assessing signs of labor or fetal well-being may delay necessary actions.
- Choice D: While reporting to the healthcare provider is important, immediate assessment of labor signs and fetal heart rate takes precedence.
A pregnant patient at 32 weeks gestation reports severe heartburn. What should the nurse recommend to relieve symptoms?
- A. Take over-the-counter antacids after every meal.
- B. Eat smaller, more frequent meals and avoid lying down after eating.
- C. Drink a large glass of water immediately after meals to dilute stomach acid.
- D. Increase caffeine intake to speed up digestion.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Eat smaller, more frequent meals and avoid lying down after eating. This recommendation helps prevent acid reflux by reducing the pressure on the stomach and ensuring that the stomach is not overly full. Eating smaller meals more frequently prevents the stomach from becoming too full, which can trigger heartburn. Avoiding lying down after eating helps prevent stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus. Options A, C, and D are incorrect. Taking antacids after every meal can lead to excessive intake and potential side effects. Drinking water immediately after meals may exacerbate heartburn by diluting stomach acid further. Increasing caffeine intake can worsen heartburn symptoms due to its ability to relax the lower esophageal sphincter.
A patient at 40 weeks gestation is admitted with spontaneous rupture of membranes. What is the first priority action?
- A. Perform a vaginal examination to assess for cord prolapse
- B. Start an IV and administer antibiotics
- C. Monitor fetal heart rate for decelerations
- D. Check the amniotic fluid for meconium staining
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perform a vaginal examination to assess for cord prolapse. This is the first priority action because cord prolapse is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate intervention to prevent fetal compromise. By performing a vaginal examination, the healthcare provider can quickly determine if the umbilical cord is presenting before the fetus, allowing for prompt management.
Choice B is incorrect because starting an IV and administering antibiotics is important but not the first priority in this situation. Choice C is incorrect as monitoring fetal heart rate for decelerations is essential but not as urgent as assessing for cord prolapse. Choice D is also incorrect as checking for meconium staining is important but does not take precedence over assessing for cord prolapse.
The following four changes occur during pregnancy. Which of them usually increases the father’s interest and involvement in the pregnancy?
- A. Learning the results of the pregnancy test.
- B. Attending childbirth education classes.
- C. Hearing the fetal heartbeat.
- D. Meeting the obstetrician or midwife.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hearing the fetal heartbeat is a significant moment that often increases the father’s interest and involvement in the pregnancy. The other options may also increase involvement but are less impactful.