Nokea
Which of the following factors might result in a decreased supply of breastmilk in a PP mother?
- A. Supplemental feedings with formula
- B. Maternal diet high in vitamin C
- C. An alcoholic drink
- D. Frequent feedings
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Routine formula supplementation may interfere with establishing an adequate milk volume because decreased stimulation to the mother's nipples affects hormonal levels and milk production.
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The nurse caring for a pregnant client should be aware that the U.S. birth rate shows which trend?
- A. Births to unmarried women are more likely to have less favorable outcomes.
- B. Birth rates for women 40 to 44 years old are beginning to decline.
- C. Cigarette smoking among pregnant women continues to increase.
- D. The rates of maternal death owing to racial disparity are elevated in the United States.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Unmarried mothers, often younger, face higher risks of low-birth-weight infants. Birth rates for older women are rising, smoking is decreasing, and racial disparities in maternal death persist.
When describing dizygotic twins to a couple, on which of the following would the nurse base the explanation?
- A. Two ova fertilized by separate sperm
- B. Sharing of a common placenta
- C. Each ova with the same genotype
- D. Sharing of a common chorion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dizygotic (fraternal) twins result from two ova fertilized by separate sperm, leading to genetically distinct siblings. Monozygotic (identical) twins involve a common placenta, same genotype, and common chorion, which does not apply to dizygotic twins.
A nurse is preparing to perform a fundal assessment on a postpartum client. The initial nursing action in performing this assessment is which of the following?
- A. Ask the client to turn on her side
- B. Ask the client to lie flat on her back with the knees and legs flat and straight.
- C. Ask the mother to urinate and empty her bladder
- D. Massage the fundus gently before determining the level of the fundus.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Before starting the fundal assessment, the nurse should ask the mother to empty her bladder so that an accurate assessment can be done. When the nurse is performing fundal assessment, the nurse asks the woman to lie flat on her back with the knees flexed. Massaging the fundus is not appropriate unless the fundus is boggy and soft, and then it should be massaged gently until firm.
When talking with a pregnant client who is experiencing aching swollen, leg veins, the nurse would explain that this is most probably the result of which of the following?
- A. Thrombophlebitis
- B. Pregnancy-induced hypertension
- C. Pressure on blood vessels from the enlarging uterus
- D. The force of gravity pulling down on the uterus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pressure of the growing uterus on blood vessels results in an increased risk for venous stasis in the lower extremities. Subsequently, edema and varicose vein formation may occur. Thrombophlebitis is an inflammation of the veins due to thrombus formation. Pregnancy-induced hypertension is not associated with these symptoms. Gravity plays only a minor role with these symptoms.
A PP client is being treated for DVT. The nurse understands that the client's response to treatment will be evaluated by regularly assessing the client for:
- A. Dysuria, ecchymosis, and vertigo
- B. Epistaxis, hematuria, and dysuria
- C. Hematuria, ecchymosis, and epistaxis
- D. Hematuria, ecchymosis, and vertigo
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The treatment for DVT is anticoagulant therapy. The nurse assesses for bleeding, which is an adverse effect of anticoagulants. This includes hematuria, ecchymosis, and epistaxis.