Nokea
Which of the following findings is the most significant information to report when caring for a client undergoing peritoneal dialysis?
- A. Loss of body weight
- B. Decreased serum creatinine
- C. Elevated body temperature
- D. Output that exceeds intake
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An elevated body temperature may indicate infection, a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis, and must be reported.
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Which modifiable risk factor should the nurse identify for the development of cancer of the bladder in a client?
- A. Previous exposure to chemicals.
- B. Pelvic radiation therapy.
- C. Cigarette smoking.
- D. Parasitic infections of the bladder.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cigarette smoking is a major modifiable risk factor for bladder cancer due to carcinogenic compounds in tobacco. Chemical exposure and radiation are risks but less modifiable, and parasitic infections are rare.
Which information indicates to the nurse the client teaching about treatment of urinary incontinence has been effective?
- A. The client prepares a scheduled voiding plan.
- B. The client verbalizes the need to increase fluid intake.
- C. The client explains how to perform pelvic floor exercises.
- D. The client attempts to retain the vaginal cone in place the entire day.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pelvic floor (Kegel) exercises strengthen muscles to reduce incontinence, indicating effective teaching. Scheduled voiding is a strategy, increased fluids may worsen incontinence, and vaginal cones are not used all day.
In evaluating multiple clients with UTIs, the clinic nurse should identify which client to be at least risk for developing a UT1?
- A. A client with urethral mucosa damage
- B. A client with an altered mental condition
- C. A client with an altered metabolic state
- D. An immunocompromised client
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An altered metabolic state, without specific risk factors like diabetes, poses the least risk for UTIs compared to mucosal damage, mental status changes, or immunosuppression.
Which nursing intervention is most important before attempting to catheterize a client?
- A. Determine the client’s history of catheter use.
- B. Evaluate the level of anxiety of the client.
- C. Verify the client is not allergic to latex.
- D. Assess the client’s sensation level and ability to void.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Verifying latex allergy prevents allergic reactions during catheterization, as many catheters are latex-based. Catheter history, anxiety, and sensation/voiding ability are important but secondary to safety.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with ARF. Which laboratory values are most significant for diagnosing ARF?
- A. BUN and creatinine.
- B. WBC and hemoglobin.
- C. Potassium and sodium.
- D. Bilirubin and ammonia level.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels indicate impaired kidney function, making them the primary markers for diagnosing ARF. Other labs like WBC, electrolytes, or liver function tests are less specific for ARF diagnosis.