Nokea
Which of the following foods present a problem for a client diagnosed with Celiac Disease?
- A. butter
- B. oats or barley cereal
- C. fresh vegetables
- D. coffee or tea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Celiac disease, also known as celiac sprue, is a malabsorption disorder affecting the small intestine due to a problem with ingesting gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, oats, and barley. Therefore, oats or barley cereal would present a problem for a client with Celiac Disease as they contain gluten. Fresh vegetables, butter, coffee, and tea, on the other hand, do not contain gluten and should not pose any issues for individuals with this disorder. Therefore, the correct answer is oats or barley cereal. Choices A, C, and D are not problematic for clients with Celiac Disease as they are gluten-free.
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A new mother asks the nurse, 'I was told that my infant received my antibodies during pregnancy. Does that mean that my infant is protected against infections?' Which statement should the nurse make in response to the mother?
- A. The immune system of an infant is immature, and the infant is at risk for infection.
- B. The transfer of your antibodies protects your infant until the infant is 12 months old.
- C. Yes, your infant is protected from all infections.
- D. If you breastfeed, your infant is protected from infection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies supplements the infant's weak response to infection until approximately 3 to 4 months of age. While the infant starts producing immunoglobulin (Ig) soon after birth, it only reaches about 60% of the adult IgG level, 75% of the adult IgM level, and 20% of the adult IgA level by 1 year of age. Breast milk provides additional IgA protection. Although the immune system matures during infancy, full protection against infections is not achieved until early childhood, putting the infant at risk for infections. Choice B is incorrect because maternal antibody protection typically lasts around 3 to 4 months, not until the infant is 12 months old. Choice C is incorrect as infants are not shielded from all infections due to their immature immune system. Choice D is incorrect because while breastfeeding offers extra protection, it does not guarantee complete immunity against infections.
Which of the following is not an indication for pelvic ultrasonography?
- A. to measure uterine size
- B. to detect multiple pregnancies
- C. to measure renal size
- D. to detect foreign bodies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pelvic ultrasonography is commonly used to assess various conditions. Choices A, B, and D are all valid reasons for performing pelvic ultrasonography. Measuring uterine size helps evaluate conditions like fibroids, while detecting multiple pregnancies is essential for prenatal care. Furthermore, identifying foreign bodies can aid in diagnosing certain conditions. However, assessing renal size is typically not a primary reason for pelvic ultrasonography, making choice C the correct answer.
A gastroenterologist should be consulted for clients suffering from:
- A. digestive system diseases
- B. urinary system diseases
- C. female reproductive system diseases
- D. nervous system diseases
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A gastroenterologist specializes in treating diseases and disorders of the digestive system, including the stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas. Therefore, clients with digestive system diseases should consult a gastroenterologist. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because urinary system diseases are managed by urologists, female reproductive system diseases by gynecologists, and nervous system diseases by neurologists.
How should an infant be secured in a car?
- A. To hold the infant while sitting in the middle of the back seat of the car
- B. To place the infant in the front seat in a rear-facing infant safety seat if the car has passenger-side air bags
- C. To place the infant in a booster seat in the front seat with the shoulder and lap belts secured around the infant
- D. To secure the infant in the middle of the back seat in a rear-facing infant safety seat
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The recommended way to secure an infant in a car is to place them in the middle of the back seat in a rear-facing infant safety seat. Option A is incorrect because infants should never be held while in a moving vehicle due to safety concerns. Option B is incorrect because placing an infant in the front seat with a rear-facing safety seat can be risky if the car has passenger-side airbags. Option C is incorrect as booster seats are not suitable for infants. Therefore, the correct choice is to secure the infant in the middle of the back seat in a rear-facing infant safety seat.
A client with a pleural drainage system to suction has gentle bubbling of the water seal. What should the nurse do?
- A. Notify the physician.
- B. Clamp the chest tube.
- C. Replace the system.
- D. Document the finding
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gentle bubbling is a normal finding for a client with a pleural drainage system to suction, so it simply needs to be documented for monitoring purposes. If the bubbling becomes vigorous, it could indicate a leak, which would then require further investigation by the nurse. Therefore, the correct action at this point is to document the finding. Notifying the physician is not necessary for gentle bubbling as it is expected. Clamping the chest tube or replacing the system is inappropriate and could potentially harm the client as there is no indication for such actions based on the scenario provided.