Nokea
Which of the following functions is not controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
- A. Digestion
- B. Walking
- C. Heartbeat
- D. Temperature regulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Walking. Walking is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Walking is a voluntary action governed by the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary skeletal muscle movement. The autonomic nervous system, on the other hand, regulates functions that are involuntary, such as digestion, heartbeat, and temperature regulation. Choices A, C, and D are all functions controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Digestion involves processes like peristalsis and secretion of digestive enzymes, heartbeat is regulated by the autonomic nervous system to maintain blood pressure and circulation, and temperature regulation includes responses like sweating or shivering to maintain body temperature within a narrow range.
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The adrenal glands are part of the
- A. immune system
- B. endocrine system
- C. lymphatic system
- D. respiratory system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: endocrine system. The adrenal glands are part of the endocrine system. These small, triangular-shaped glands are located on top of each kidney and are responsible for producing hormones such as adrenaline, cortisol, and aldosterone. These hormones play a vital role in regulating various body functions, including metabolism, immune response, and stress response. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the adrenal glands are not part of the immune system, lymphatic system, or respiratory system. While the immune system is involved in protecting the body from infections and diseases, the lymphatic system helps in maintaining fluid balance and immune function, and the respiratory system is responsible for breathing and gas exchange in the body.
When animals eat, insulin is released from the pancreas, stimulating glucose uptake by the liver. When glucose levels drop, the pancreas reduces insulin release. This is an example of which mechanism for maintaining homeostasis?
- A. Negative feedback.
- B. Positive feedback.
- C. Stress response.
- D. Parasympathetic regulation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This mechanism is an example of negative feedback. Negative feedback systems work to counteract changes in the body and maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis). In this case, the release of insulin in response to high glucose levels is followed by a reduction in insulin release when glucose levels drop. This response helps regulate glucose levels and return them to a normal range, demonstrating the characteristic of negative feedback where the body's response opposes the initial stimulus to maintain equilibrium. Positive feedback would amplify the initial change rather than counteract it, so it is not the correct choice. Stress response and parasympathetic regulation are not directly involved in this glucose regulation process, making them incorrect choices.
Which of the following functions is NOT performed by the integumentary system, the skin?
- A. Protect internal tissues from injury
- B. Waterproof the body
- C. Help regulate body temperature
- D. Return fluid to the blood vessels
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The integumentary system, which includes the skin, performs various functions like protecting internal tissues from injury, waterproofing the body, and helping regulate body temperature. The function of returning fluid to the blood vessels is primarily associated with the lymphatic system, not the integumentary system. The skin contributes to fluid balance by regulating sweating and preventing excessive water loss, but it does not directly return fluid to the blood vessels, making this the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are functions directly related to the integumentary system and are essential for maintaining the body's overall health and well-being.
Which human body system is correctly matched with its function?
- A. Respiratory system; exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.
- B. Circulatory system; transports oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide.
- C. Lymphatic system; produces antibodies that destroy virally affected or foreign cells.
- D. Endocrine system; regulates hormones controlling bodily functions and metabolism.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The circulatory system is responsible for the transportation of oxygen from the lungs to all the body's cells and tissues, as well as removing carbon dioxide from the cells and transporting it back to the lungs to be exhaled. This process is crucial for cellular respiration and the exchange of gases necessary for bodily functions. Choice B accurately matches the role of the circulatory system by describing its function of transporting oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide, which is essential for maintaining proper cellular activities. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately match the body system with its function. The respiratory system primarily involves the exchange of gases in the lungs, not transportation to cells; the lymphatic system deals with immunity through the production of antibodies, not gas exchange; and the endocrine system's main function is hormone regulation, not the transport of gases.
What is the action of the triceps reflex?
- A. Forces contraction of the triceps and extension of the arm.
- B. Forces contraction of the biceps, relaxation of the biceps, and arm extension.
- C. Causes the triceps to contract, causing the forearm to supinate and flex.
- D. Causes the triceps to relax and the upper arm to pronate and extend.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The triceps reflex causes the triceps muscle to contract, leading to the extension of the arm. This reflex is a protective response to sudden stretching of the triceps muscle, as seen when a physician taps the triceps tendon during a physical examination. Choice A is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the action of the triceps reflex. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they describe actions that are not associated with the triceps reflex. Biceps contraction, forearm supination, flexion, triceps relaxation, and pronation are not part of the triceps reflex arc.