Nokea
Which of the following has been shown to be useful in managing fatty liver?
- A. Insulin injection
- B. Metformin
- C. Vitamin E
- D. Exercises
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin E, an antioxidant, reduces hepatic inflammation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), per AASLD guidelines, aiding NAFLD management. Insulin treats diabetes, not NAFLD directly. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity but lacks strong evidence for NAFLD reversal. Exercise and diet are key but split here; exercise aids weight loss, indirectly helping. Vitamin E's specific benefit makes it notable in chronic liver disease care.
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Within the theory of planned behaviour, what is the term used to indicate the idea that a particular behaviour will either succeed or not?
- A. Attitude
- B. Implementation-intention
- C. Intention
- D. Perceived behavioural control
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Planned behaviour control belief sways success odds, not liking, plans, or will. Nurses tap this, a chronic confidence key.
In caring for a patient with neutropenia, what tasks can be delegated to the nursing assistant?
- A. Take vital signs every 4 hours
- B. Report temperature elevation >100.4°F
- C. Assess for sore throat, cough, or burning with urination
- D. Gather the supplies to prepare the room for protective isolation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neutropenia heightens infection risk, requiring team vigilance. Taking vital signs every 4 hours fits nursing assistants' scope routine monitoring flags fevers, key in neutropenia, without needing assessment skills. Reporting fever >100.4°F is their duty once detected, but assessing symptoms like sore throat or cough demands RN judgment to interpret infection signs. Gathering supplies for isolation is assistive, not evaluative, suiting their role. Handwashing's universal, not a task to delegate. Vital signs delegation ensures timely data collection, freeing nurses to analyze and act, a practical split in caring for this vulnerable patient.
An intra-venous drug user with endocarditis has a TOE and multiple blood cultures taken. He is most likely to have:
- A. tricuspid valve involvement and s.aureus on blood culture
- B. tricuspid valve involvement and enterococci on blood culture
- C. mitral valve involvement and mixed growth on blood culture
- D. tricuspid valve involvement and candida on blood culture
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IVDU endocarditis tricuspid flops, Staph aureus spikes, not enterococci, mixed, candida, or blanks. Nurses hear this chronic junkie beat.
Mr Tan, a 50-year-old with hypertension, sees you for a routine review. He reports three gout flares in the past two months, relieved with three days of Arcoxia for each episode. You perform some blood tests, which result in the following returns: Creatinine 95 umol/L, eGFR >90 mL/min, Uric acid 460 mmol/L, HbA1c 5.4 percent, Random hypo-count 7.5 mmol/L. He is currently on Amlodipine 10 mg OM. He does not drink alcohol except one glass of wine once or twice a year on special occasions. His BMI is 20.5 kg/m². Which is the most appropriate next step?
- A. Prescribe NSAIDs standby for gout flare
- B. Offer dietary advice and advise regular exercise only
- C. Discuss urate lowering therapy as he has had >2 gout flares in the past year, ideally with colchicine prophylaxis
- D. Offer exercise and dietary advice
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Three gout flares in two months uric acid 460 beg for urate-lowering therapy like allopurinol, with colchicine to dodge attacks, fitting >2 flares yearly guideline. NSAIDs or steroids treat, not prevent; diet and exercise tweak, not tame, this level. Clinicians push this combo, curbing chronic gout's fire, a proactive leap.
In monitoring patients who are at risk for spinal cord compression related to tumor growth, what is the most likely early manifestation?
- A. Sudden-onset back pain
- B. Motor loss
- C. Constipation
- D. Urinary hesitancy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spinal cord compression from tumors often starts with sudden back pain 95% of cases due to vertebral pressure or nerve irritation, an early red flag demanding urgent imaging and intervention to prevent paralysis. Motor loss, like weakness, emerges later as nerves compress further. Constipation and urinary hesitancy signal advanced autonomic involvement, not initial signs. Pain's prevalence and timing make it the nurse's focus catching it early triggers steroids or surgery, halting progression in cancer patients where spinal integrity dictates function and survival, a critical monitoring priority.