Nokea
Which of the following health professionals can sign the birth certificate?
- A. Public health nurse
- B. Rural health midwife
- C. Municipal health officer
- D. Any of these health professionals
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all of these health professionals can sign a birth certificate. Public health nurses, rural health midwives, and municipal health officers are all qualified to verify and certify births. This is important for accurate record-keeping and legal purposes. Each of these professionals has the training and authority to confirm the details of a birth and sign the necessary documentation. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as any of these health professionals can sign the birth certificate. The other choices (A, B, and C) are incorrect because they limit the scope of who can sign the birth certificate, whereas the correct answer encompasses all the options provided.
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Knowing that malnutrition is a common community health issue, you decided to conduct a nutritional assessment. What population is particularly vulnerable to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?
- A. Pregnant women and the elderly
- B. Under 5-year-old children
- C. 1-4-year-old children
- D. School-age children
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, under 5-year-old children. They are particularly vulnerable to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) due to their high nutritional needs for growth and development. Infants and young children have limited food intake capacity and are dependent on caregivers for proper nutrition. This age group is at a critical stage of growth, making them more susceptible to the negative impact of malnutrition on physical and cognitive development. Pregnant women and the elderly (choice A) have specific nutritional needs but are not as vulnerable to PEM as young children. Choices C and D are incorrect as 1-4-year-old children and school-age children have a lower risk of PEM compared to under 5-year-old children.
In the conduct of a census, the method of population assignment based on the actual physical location of the people is termed:
- A. De jure
- B. De locus
- C. De facto
- D. De novo
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: De facto. This method assigns individuals to a specific location based on where they are physically located during the census. "De facto" means "in fact" or "in reality." This ensures accurate representation of the population in a specific area at the time of the census.
A: De jure refers to assignment based on legal residence, not necessarily physical location.
B: De locus is not a standard term in census methodology.
D: De novo means "from the beginning" and is not relevant to population assignment in a census.
Which of the following is a natality rate?
- A. Crude birth rate
- B. Neonatal mortality rate
- C. Infant mortality rate
- D. General fertility rate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crude birth rate. Natality rate refers to the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population per year. The crude birth rate includes all live births in a population without any adjustments.
B: Neonatal mortality rate measures the number of deaths within the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births.
C: Infant mortality rate measures the number of deaths within the first year of life per 1,000 live births.
D: General fertility rate measures the number of live births per 1,000 women of childbearing age.
Sputum examination is the major screening tool for pulmonary tuberculosis. Clients may sometimes receive false negative results in this exam. This means that the test is not perfect in terms of which characteristic of a diagnostic examination?
- A. Effectiveness
- B. Efficacy
- C. Specificity
- D. Sensitivity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Define false negative - An individual with the disease incorrectly identified as disease-free.
Step 2: Understand sensitivity - Ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease.
Step 3: False negatives indicate low sensitivity.
Step 4: Sensitivity is a key characteristic of a diagnostic test.
Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is D: Sensitivity.
Summary:
A: Effectiveness - Overall ability of the test to achieve its intended purpose.
B: Efficacy - Ability of the test under ideal conditions.
C: Specificity - Ability to correctly identify individuals without the disease.
D: Sensitivity - Ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease.
In the year 1980, the World Health Organization declared the Philippines, along with some other countries in the Western Pacific Region, 'free' of which disease?
- A. Pneumonic plague
- B. Poliomyelitis
- C. Smallpox
- D. Anthrax
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smallpox. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared the Philippines and other countries in the Western Pacific Region 'free' of smallpox due to successful global vaccination campaigns. Smallpox is caused by the variola virus and is characterized by a distinctive rash. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Pneumonic plague is a severe form of the bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
B: Poliomyelitis is a viral infection that can lead to paralysis, but it was not eradicated in 1980.
D: Anthrax is a bacterial infection that primarily affects animals but can also infect humans.