Nokea
Which of the following hormones has been implicated in the etiology of mood disorder with seasonal pattern?
- A. Increased levels of melatonin
- B. Decreased levels of oxytocin
- C. Decreased levels of prolactin
- D. Increased levels of thyrotropin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased levels of melatonin, particularly in response to reduced daylight in seasonal affective disorder (SAD), have been implicated in mood disorders with a seasonal pattern, aligning with option a.
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In an open system, different initial conditions may lead to the same final result and different outcomes may be produced from the same causes. This is an example of what?
- A. Systems theory
- B. Equifinality
- C. Circular causality
- D. Cause and effect
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Equifinality describes how varied paths can lead to the same outcome in open systems.
The theorist who believes in archetypes is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Jung
- C. Abraham Maslow
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carl Jung's theory includes archetypes, universal symbols in the collective unconscious.
The child understands objects continue to exist even when out of sight during
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Object permanence develops in the sensorimotor stage (birth-2 years, Piaget).
After treatment for a detached retina, a survivor of intimate partner abuse says, My partner only abuses me when I make mistakes. Ive considered leaving, but I was brought up to believe you stay together, no matter what happens. Which diagnosis should be the focus of the nurses initial actions?
- A. Risk for injury related to physical abuse from partner
- B. Social isolation related to lack of a community support system
- C. Ineffective coping related to uneven distribution of power within a relationship
- D. Deficient knowledge related to resources for escape from an abusive relationship
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Risk for injury is the priority diagnosis because the partner has already inflicted physical injury during violent episodes. The other diagnoses are applicable, but the nurse must first address the patients safety.
Which couple is at greatest risk for domestic violence?
- A. A couple which consists of a husband and wife both of whom are affected with Alzheimer's disease
- B. A poverty stricken couple without any healthcare resources in the community
- C. A pregnant woman and a husband who was physically abused as a young child
- D. A wealthy couple with feelings that they are immune from punishment and above the law
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pregnancy and past abuse (C) increase domestic violence risk.