Nokea
Which of the following hormones retains sodium in the body?
- A. Antidiuretic hormone
- B. Aldosterone
- C. Thyroid hormone
- D. Insulin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate sodium and water balance in the body. It acts on the kidneys to increase reabsorption of sodium, leading to water retention and increased blood volume. This helps maintain blood pressure and electrolyte balance.
A: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) mainly acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, not sodium retention.
C: Thyroid hormone does not directly influence sodium retention.
D: Insulin regulates blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake, it does not have a direct role in sodium retention.
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Which of the following is classified as subjective data in a nursing assessment?
- A. Heart rate of 90 beats per minute
- B. Client states, 'I feel nauseated.'
- C. Blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg
- D. Skin appears flushed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because subjective data in a nursing assessment refers to information provided by the patient, such as feelings, perceptions, and symptoms. In this case, the client stating 'I feel nauseated' represents subjective data. This type of information cannot be measured or observed directly.
A, C, and D are incorrect:
A: Heart rate of 90 beats per minute is an objective measurement that can be directly observed.
C: Blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg is also an objective measurement that can be directly observed.
D: Skin appears flushed is an objective observation that can be directly seen.
Rehabilitation plans for Mr. Gabatan;
- A. Should be left up to Mr. Gabatan and his family
- B. Should be considered and planned for early in his care
- C. Are not necessary, because he will return to former activities
- D. Are not necessary, because he will probably not able to work again Ms. J.K. is a 24-year old woman admitted to the neurosurgery floor 2 days following a hypophysectomy for a pituitary tumor. She is alert, oriented, and eager to return to her job as an executive to the hospital director. She is alert, oriented and eager to return to her job as an executive assistant to the hospital director. She calls the nurse to her room to express her concern about the frequency of urination she is experiencing, as well as the feeling of weakness that began this morning.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer B: Rehabilitation plans for Mr. Gabatan should be considered and planned for early in his care to optimize his recovery and quality of life. Planning early allows for tailored interventions to address his specific needs and goals, promoting better outcomes. Early rehabilitation can also prevent complications and improve functional abilities. By proactively addressing rehabilitation needs, Mr. Gabatan can have a smoother transition back to his daily activities.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: Leaving the rehabilitation plans solely up to Mr. Gabatan and his family may not consider all aspects of his recovery and could lead to suboptimal outcomes.
C: Assuming that Mr. Gabatan will return to his former activities without a rehabilitation plan overlooks the individualized care needed for his recovery.
D: Dismissing the need for rehabilitation based on the assumption that he may not be able to work again is premature and does not account for potential improvements in his condition through appropriate rehabilitation interventions.
The normal life expectancy for 50% of patients ith amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is:
- A. 3 years
- B. 10 years
- C. 5 years
- D. 20 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 5 years. In ALS, 50% of patients have a life expectancy of around 3-5 years from the time of diagnosis. This is due to the progressive nature of the disease, leading to rapid deterioration of motor neurons and muscle function. Choice A (3 years) is too specific and may not apply to exactly 50% of patients. Choice B (10 years) and D (20 years) are too optimistic and do not align with the typical prognosis of ALS, where the majority of patients have a shorter life expectancy. Therefore, based on the average survival rates and disease progression, choice C is the most accurate representation of the normal life expectancy for 50% of ALS patients.
A patient has iron deficiency anemia. Which of the following foods will best help provide dietary iron?
- A. Fresh fruits
- B. Dairy products
- C. Lean red meats
- D. Breads and cereals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lean red meats. Lean red meats are a rich source of heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme iron found in plant-based foods. Heme iron helps improve iron levels more effectively in individuals with iron deficiency anemia. Fresh fruits (A) and dairy products (B) contain minimal iron, while breads and cereals (D) provide non-heme iron which is not as readily absorbed.
A client is admitted for a spelenectomy. What problem is the nurse aware that could develop?
- A. Infection
- B. Urinary retention
- C. Congestive heart failure
- D. Viral hepatitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Infection. After a splenectomy, the client is at risk for infection due to the spleen's role in the immune system. Without the spleen, the body's ability to fight infections is reduced. Infections can be serious and life-threatening.
B: Urinary retention is not a typical complication of a splenectomy.
C: Congestive heart failure is not directly related to a splenectomy.
D: Viral hepatitis is not a common complication of a splenectomy.