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Which of the following, if described by the parents of a child with cystic fibrosis (CF), indicates that the parents understand the underlying problem of the disease?
- A. An abnormality in the body's mucus-secreting glands.
- B. Formation of fibrous cysts in various body organs.
- C. Failure of the pancreatic ducts to develop properly.
- D. Addition to the formation of antibodies against streptococcus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis is caused by an abnormality in mucus-secreting glands, leading to thick mucus that affects multiple organs, particularly the lungs and pancreas.
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The nurse is planning care with the parents of a child who requires continuous peritoneal dialysis. Which finding should be discussed with the physician?
- A. The family lives a long distance from the medical facility.
- B. The child attends a large public school.
- C. The child reports having a previous surgery for a ruptured appendix.
- D. The family feels the child cannot self-regulate to wake at night and change bags.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Previous surgery might impact current care.
A 1-year-old child is scheduled for surgery to correct hypospadias and chordee. The nurse explains to the parents that this is the preferred time for surgical repair based on which of the following?
- A. At this age, the child will experience less pain.
- B. The child is too young to have developed castration anxiety.
- C. The child will not remember the surgical experience.
- D. The repair is easier to perform after the child is toilet trained.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Younger children may not remember the experience.
A 4-week-old infant admitted with the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis presents with a history of vomiting. The nurse should anticipate that the infant's vomitus would contain gastric contents and which of the following?
- A. Bile and streaks of blood.
- B. Mucus and bile.
- C. Mucus and streaks of blood.
- D. Stool and bile.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pyloric stenosis causes vomiting of gastric contents, mucus, and sometimes blood due to irritation, but not bile.
The nurse assesses the child with chronic renal failure who is receiving peritoneal dialysis for edema. Which finding is expected for this child?
- A. Absence of pulmonary crackles.
- B. Increased dialysate outflow.
- C. Normal blood pressure.
- D. Pallor.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pallor is common in chronic conditions.
When developing the plan of care for a child diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU), the nurse should establish which of the following goals?
- A. Meeting the child's nutritional needs for optimal growth.
- B. Ensuring that the special diet is started at age 3 weeks.
- C. Permitting serum phenylalanine level higher than 12 mg/100 mL.
- D. Maintaining serum phenylalanine level lower than 2 mg/100 mL.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The goal is to meet nutritional needs via a phenylalanine-restricted diet for growth while preventing neurological damage. The diet starts at diagnosis, not 3 weeks, and phenylalanine levels should be 2-6 mg/100 mL.