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Which of the following immunoglobulins is first produced during an acute infection?
- A. IgG
- B. IgE
- C. IgM
- D. IgD
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: IgM is the first immunoglobulin produced during an acute infection. It is the first class of antibodies secreted by B cells in response to an antigenic challenge. IgM antibodies are produced initially in primary immune responses and play a crucial role in activating the complement system. IgG is produced after IgM and is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the secondary immune response. IgE is responsible for allergic reactions, and IgD's function is not fully understood but is believed to be involved in the activation of B cells.
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The BEST implication of a 6-month-old baby's visuomotor coordination is
- A. voluntary release of objects
- B. comparison ability of small objects
- C. increasing ability to explore objects
- D. autonomy of actions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Voluntary release is a key milestone in visuomotor coordination at this age.
Sunshine, age 13, has had a lumbar puncture to examine the CSF to determine if bacterial infection exists. The best position to keep her in after the procedure is:
- A. Prone for two hours to prevent aspiration, should she vomit.
- B. Semi-Fowler's so she can watch TV for five hours and be entertained.
- C. Supine for several hours, to prevent a headache.
- D. On her right sides to encourage return of CSF
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The best position to keep Sunshine in after a lumbar puncture is in the supine position for several hours. This position helps prevent a post-lumbar puncture headache, which is a common complication of the procedure. Keeping Sunshine supine helps reduce the chances of leaking CSF and minimizes the risk of developing a headache due to decreased CSF pressure. Additionally, it is vital to encourage increased fluid intake post-procedure to help replenish the lost CSF and prevent dehydration.
The nurse is teaching the client about risk factors for diabetes mellitus. Which of the following risk factors for diabetes mellitus is nonmodifiable?
- A. Poor control of blood glucose levels
- B. Current of recent foot trauma
- C. Inappropriate foot care
- D. Advanced age
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Advanced age is a nonmodifiable risk factor for diabetes mellitus. Nonmodifiable risk factors are characteristics or traits that cannot be changed or controlled. In this case, a person's age is a factor that continuously increases as time passes and cannot be altered. Other nonmodifiable risk factors for diabetes mellitus include family history of diabetes and certain ethnic backgrounds. On the other hand, poor control of blood glucose levels, current or recent foot trauma, and inappropriate foot care are examples of modifiable risk factors that can be managed through lifestyle changes and proper medical care.
The first permanent tooth to erupt is
- A. central incisor at 6 yr
- B. molar at 6 yr
- C. premolar lower canine at 6-7 yr
- D. upper canine at 6-7 yr
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first permanent molar typically erupts around 6 years.
What is an important nursing responsibility when dealing with a family experiencing the loss of an infant from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
- A. Explain how SIDS could have been predicted and prevented. TestBankWorld.org
- B. Interview parents in depth concerning the circumstances surrounding the child's death.
- C. Discourage parents from making a last visit with the infant.
- D. Make a follow-up home visit to parents as soon as possible after the child's death.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: One of the most important nursing responsibilities when dealing with a family experiencing the loss of an infant from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is to provide ongoing support and care to the grieving parents. Making a follow-up home visit as soon as possible after the child's death allows the nurse to offer emotional support, assess the parents' well-being, provide information on coping strategies, and refer them to appropriate resources such as counseling services or support groups. This visit also enables the nurse to address any questions or concerns the parents may have, validate their feelings of grief, and help them navigate the difficult grieving process. By being present and available to the family during this challenging time, the nurse can help them feel supported and cared for as they cope with the tragic loss of their infant.