Nokea
Which of the following infants is least probable to develop sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
- A. Baby Angela who was premature
- B. A sibling of Baby Angie who died of SIDS
- C. Baby Gabriel with prenatal drug exposure
- D. Baby Gabby who sleeps on his back
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sibling of Baby Angie who died of SIDS is the least probable to develop sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) among the given choices. This is because siblings of infants who have died of SIDS are at a higher risk themselves due to potential genetic or environmental factors. Research suggests that siblings of infants who died of SIDS are at an increased risk compared to the general population, indicating a possible genetic predisposition or shared environmental influences. It is crucial for parents and caregivers of these siblings to take extra precautions and follow safe sleep practices to reduce the risk of SIDS.
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The nurse is taking vital signs of a pregnant woman during her first prenatal visit. The patient asks the nurse if she has to have an HIV test. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
- A. "Yes, all pregnant women must have the test."
- B. "If you do not have multiple sex partners or inject drugs, it is not necessary."
- C. "Governmental guidelines require an HIV test for all pregnant woman."
- D. "After voluntary pretest counseling, you decide whether HIV testing should be done."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse's best response is D, "After voluntary pretest counseling, you decide whether HIV testing should be done." It is important for the pregnant woman to make an informed decision about HIV testing after receiving pretest counseling. The decision should be based on her individual risk factors, concerns, and preferences. The nurse should provide information about the importance of HIV testing during pregnancy, the benefits of knowing one's HIV status, and the available treatment options if the test is positive. Ultimately, the decision should be made by the pregnant woman after considering all the information provided.
After general anesthesia, elective procedures should generally be avoided in children with a URI for how long?
- A. 1-2 weeks
- B. 2-4 weeks
- C. 4-6 weeks
- D. 6-8 weeks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is recommended to wait at least 2-4 weeks after resolution of a URI before proceeding with elective surgery.
Aling Maria, a 58-year old female, was admitted for the third time because of myxedema. Initial assessment by Nurse Mida should include symptoms of:
- A. bradycardia, weight loss, heart failure, diarrhea
- B. tachycardia, constipation, exopthalmus
- C. lethargy, weight gain, slow speech, decreased RR
- D. hypothermia, weight loss, increased RR
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The symptoms of myxedema, which is a severe form of hypothyroidism, include lethargy, weight gain, slow speech, and decreased respiratory rate. Aling Maria being a 58-year old female who was admitted for the third time because of myxedema would likely present with these symptoms upon assessment by Nurse Mida. Other common symptoms of myxedema include cold intolerance, dry skin, hair loss, and brittle nails. It is important for Nurse Mida to identify these symptoms during the initial assessment to provide appropriate care and management for Aling Maria.
The nurse teaches a diabetic client that diet plays a crucial role in managing diabetes mellitus. When evaluating dietary intake, the nurse knows the client is eating the right foods if total daily caloric intake consists of:
- A. 30% to 35% carbohydrate, 40% fat, and 25% to 30% protein
- B. 40% to 45% carbohydrate, 40% fat, and 15% to 20% protein
- C. 50% to 55% carbohydrate, 35% fat, and 10% to 15% protein
- D. 55% to 60% carbohydrate, 30% fat and 10% to 15% protein
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In managing diabetes mellitus, one of the key principles is proper macronutrient distribution in the diet. The recommended dietary intake for a diabetic client typically includes a moderate amount of carbohydrates (30% to 35% of total calories) in order to help control blood sugar levels. Including higher amounts of fat (around 40%) can be beneficial in managing this condition as well. Adequate protein intake (25% to 30%) is also important for overall health and satiety. This balanced macronutrient distribution helps in maintaining stable blood sugar levels throughout the day, supporting optimal diabetes management.
The most common neonatal sepsis and meningitis infections seen within 24 hours after birth are caused by which organism?
- A. Candida albicans
- B. Chlamydia trachomatis
- C. Escherichia coli
- D. Group B beta-hemolytic streptococci
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Escherichia coli is the most common cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis and meningitis within 24 hours after birth. E. coli can be transmitted from the mother to the infant during delivery, particularly if there is prolonged rupture of membranes or maternal infection. Infections caused by E. coli in newborns can be severe and life-threatening. It is important to identify and promptly treat infections caused by E. coli in neonates to prevent complications and improve outcomes.