Nokea
Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Place an infant who is 5 months old in a high chair to feed.
- B. Position a 1-month-old infant supine on a soft mattress.
- C. Provide an infant with a one-piece pacifier for non-nutritive sucking.
- D. Secure the infant's car seat behind an airbag.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because providing an infant with a one-piece pacifier for non-nutritive sucking reduces the risk of choking and aspiration compared to multi-piece pacifiers. This information is crucial for infant safety during feeding. Choice A is incorrect as a 5-month-old infant should be seated in a high chair only if they can sit upright without support to prevent falls. Choice B is incorrect as placing a 1-month-old infant supine on a soft mattress increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Choice D is incorrect as securing an infant's car seat behind an airbag can be dangerous due to the risk of injury from the airbag deployment.
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The nurse should monitor the child for which of the following complications?
- A. Nuchal rigidity when standing
- B. Double vision
- C. Headache
- D. Pain in the posterior iliac crest
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Headache. In pediatric patients, headaches can be indicative of serious underlying conditions such as meningitis or increased intracranial pressure. Monitoring for headaches is crucial for early detection and intervention. Nuchal rigidity when standing (A) is more indicative of meningitis in adults. Double vision (B) is more associated with neurological issues. Pain in the posterior iliac crest (D) is not typically a complication that requires monitoring in children.
For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Prolonged wound healing
- C. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- D. Bradypnea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stevens-Johnson syndrome. This is a severe adverse reaction characterized by blistering and peeling of the skin, mucous membranes involvement, and flu-like symptoms. It is potentially life-threatening and requires immediate medical intervention. The nurse should monitor for early signs such as rash, fever, and mucosal lesions. Choices A, B, and D are not typically associated with the medication's adverse effects. Hypotension is a common side effect of some medications but not the focus of monitoring for this specific drug. Prolonged wound healing is more related to factors like nutrition and comorbidities. Bradypnea (slow breathing) is not commonly associated with adverse effects of medications but could signify respiratory distress.
The child's parents ask for information on hemodialysis. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
- A. Hemodialysis uses your child's abdominal cavity as a membrane to clean their blood.
- B. Hemodialysis uses an electrolyte solution to clean your child's blood.
- C. Hemodialysis uses an artificial membrane outside the body to clean your child's blood.
- D. Hemodialysis slowly filtrates your child's blood continuously.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Hemodialysis uses an artificial membrane outside the body to clean the child's blood. This is because hemodialysis involves the process of blood being filtered through a machine that uses a synthetic membrane to remove wastes and excess fluids. This process mimics the function of the kidneys in filtering the blood.
Choice A is incorrect because hemodialysis does not use the abdominal cavity as a membrane, it uses an external artificial membrane. Choice B is incorrect as hemodialysis does not involve the use of an electrolyte solution to clean the blood. Choice D is incorrect because hemodialysis is not a continuous filtration process, it is done intermittently during treatment sessions.
The nurse should identify which of the following findings as a potential indicator of physical abuse?
- A. Front deciduous teeth missing
- B. Weight in 45th percentile
- C. Bruising around the wrists
- D. Abrasions on the knees
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, bruising around the wrists. This is indicative of physical abuse as it suggests grabbing or restraining. Front deciduous teeth missing (A) is more likely due to normal tooth loss. Weight in 45th percentile (B) is within a healthy range. Abrasions on the knees (D) are common in children.
A nurse is reviewing the child's medical record. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect the provider to prescribe or reconcile from the child's home medication list?
- A. Water-soluble vitamins
- B. Acetaminophen
- C. Dornase alfa
- D. Meperidine
- E. Pancreatic lipase
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: The correct answers are A, C, and E. A nurse reviewing a child's medical record should expect the provider to prescribe or reconcile water-soluble vitamins (A) for essential nutrients, Dornase alfa (C) for cystic fibrosis to help clear mucus, and Pancreatic lipase (E) for pancreatic insufficiency to aid in digestion. Acetaminophen (B) is a common over-the-counter pain reliever but may not be specifically required based on the child's condition. Meperidine (D) is a narcotic analgesic with potential side effects and is not typically used in pediatric patients.