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Which of the following interventions should the nurse include when teaching clients strategies for preventing cardiovascular disease? Select all that apply.
- A. Encouraging regular physical exercise
- B. Promoting a diet high in saturated fats
- C. Advising smoking cessation
- D. Recommend no more than 5 alcoholic drinks a day
- E. Educating about the importance of regular blood pressure monitoring
- F. Instructing on the importance of regular cholesterol screenings
Correct Answer: A,C,E,F
Rationale: Regular exercise reduces cardiovascular risk. B: Incorrect - High saturated fat diets increase cardiovascular risk. C: Correct - Smoking cessation lowers cardiovascular disease risk. D: Incorrect - Alcohol should be limited to 1-2 drinks per day for men, 1 for women. E: Correct - Blood pressure monitoring detects hypertension early. F: Correct - Cholesterol screenings identify hyperlipidemia for early intervention.
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The nurse is caring for a client who has sustained a myocardial infarction. Which laboratory test would be increased that is specific to myocardium damage?
- A. CPK-MB
- B. Troponin
- C. Creatinine kinase
- D. Myoglobin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Troponin is the most specific marker for myocardial damage, remaining elevated for days post-MI.
The nurse is caring for a client who was recently admitted to the cardiac floor for angina. This client states that their chest pain occurs at the same time every day at rest. The client does not believe there are any precipitating factors. Which of the following types of angina is this client most likely experiencing?
- A. Variant angina
- B. Stable angina
- C. Unstable angina
- D. Nonanginal pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Variant (Prinzmetal's) angina occurs at rest, often at predictable times, due to coronary artery spasm, not exertion, unlike stable or unstable angina.
Which interventions would be appropriate for a client with decreased cardiac output? Select all that apply.
- A. Apply compression stockings
- B. Obtain a prescription for nitroglycerin via transdermal patch
- C. Elevate the client's legs
- D. Implement fall precautions
- E. Educate the client about not straining when defecating
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: Compression stockings improve venous return, supporting cardiac output. B: Incorrect - Nitroglycerin reduces preload, potentially worsening cardiac output in some cases. C: Incorrect - Leg elevation is not standard for low cardiac output and may worsen symptoms. D: Correct - Fall precautions are needed due to potential weakness or syncope. E: Correct - Avoiding straining prevents Valsalva maneuver, which can reduce cardiac output.
It would be correct for the nurse to identify which cardiac dysrhythmias can reduce cardiac output. Select all that apply.
- A. Supraventricular tachycardia
- B. Sinus bradycardia
- C. Ventricular tachycardia
- D. Mobitz type II heart block
- E. Isolated premature atrial contraction (PAC)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Supraventricular tachycardia reduces filling time, lowering cardiac output. Sinus bradycardia decreases heart rate, reducing output. C: Correct - Ventricular tachycardia impairs effective pumping. D: Correct - Mobitz type II can cause missed beats, reducing output. E: Incorrect - Isolated PACs typically do not significantly affect cardiac output.
The nurse is caring for a client who has been ordered a sodium-restricted diet following a myocardial infarction. Which of the following meals would be most appropriate to suggest?
- A. Turkey, 1 fresh sweet potato, 1/2 cup fresh green beans, milk, and 1 orange.
- B. Broiled fish, 1 baked potato, 1/2 cup canned beets, 1 orange, and milk.
- C. Canned salmon, fresh broccoli, 1 biscuit, tea, and 1 apple.
- D. A bologna sandwich, fresh eggplant, 2 oz fresh fruit, tea, and apple juice.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fresh foods like turkey, sweet potato, and green beans are low in sodium, unlike canned or processed foods.