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Review Biology related questions and content

Which of the following is a benefit of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water? (Select one that doesn't apply.)

  • A. Water has a relatively high specific heat value.
  • B. Water has strong cohesive and adhesive properties.
  • C. Polarity of water allows it to act as a versatile solvent.
  • D. Water moves from higher to lower concentrations.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Intermolecular hydrogen bonding in water leads to various unique properties. Options A, B, and C are benefits of this bonding. Water's high specific heat value allows it to resist temperature changes, which is advantageous for temperature regulation in organisms. The strong cohesive and adhesive properties of water contribute to capillary action and surface tension, essential in biological systems. Additionally, water's polarity enables it to dissolve a wide range of substances, making it a versatile solvent. Option D, 'Water moves from higher to lower concentrations,' is not a direct benefit of intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water. Instead, it describes the process of osmosis, which is driven by differences in solute concentrations rather than hydrogen bonding.

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What is the first step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate?

  • A. Glycolysis
  • B. Krebs cycle
  • C. Electron transport chain
  • D. Aerobic respiration
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Glycolysis. Glycolysis is the initial step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. During glycolysis, glucose is enzymatically broken down into pyruvate, generating ATP and NADH as energy carriers. Following glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, and aerobic respiration continue the breakdown of pyruvate to produce more ATP through oxidative phosphorylation and complete the cellular respiration process.

In the scenario presented in question #49, what type of solution is the egg immersed in?

  • A. Hypertonic
  • B. Isotonic
  • C. Hypotonic
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When an egg is placed in a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the egg into the surrounding solution due to the higher concentration of solutes outside the egg. This results in the egg shrinking or shriveling up as water leaves it, indicating a hypertonic environment.

If a hard-boiled egg is placed in a beaker of saltwater, what will happen to the egg?

  • A. Expand because water will move into the egg
  • B. Shrivel because water will leave the egg
  • C. Remain the same
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a hard-boiled egg is placed in a beaker of saltwater, the egg will shrivel because water will move out of the egg due to osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. In this case, the saltwater has a higher solute concentration than the egg, causing water to move out of the egg, leading to shrinkage or shriveling.

In a Punnett square, a capital letter represents what type of allele?

  • A. Dominant.
  • B. Ryeesive.
  • C. Homozygous.
  • D. Heterozygous.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A: Dominant.

Rationale:
1. In a Punnett square, capital letters denote dominant alleles.
2. Dominant alleles are expressed in the phenotype over recessive alleles.
3. This representation helps predict the possible offspring genotypes.
4. Choice B is incorrect as it's a misspelling of 'Recessive.'
5. Choices C and D refer to genotype combinations, not allele types.

Summary:
The capital letter in a Punnett square signifies a dominant allele that will be expressed in the offspring's phenotype. This helps in predicting genetic outcomes accurately.

Why is DNA crucial for the metabolic activities of the cell?

  • A. It initiates cellular mitosis.
  • B. It provides cell wall stability.
  • C. It increases glucose absorption.
  • D. It controls the synthesis of enzymes.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: DNA is crucial for the metabolic activities of the cell because it contains the genetic information necessary to regulate the synthesis of enzymes. Enzymes are essential for catalyzing biochemical reactions involved in metabolic processes within the cell. DNA controls the production of enzymes, which are vital for driving various metabolic pathways. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as DNA's role in controlling enzyme synthesis is fundamental for the cell's metabolic activities.

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