Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf

Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf related questions and content

Which of the following is a chronic condition characterized by difficulty breathing due to airflow obstruction, commonly associated with long-term smoking?

  • A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • B. Asthma
  • C. Pulmonary hypertension
  • D. Bronchitis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow obstruction and difficulty breathing.
2. COPD is commonly linked to long-term smoking due to the damage caused to the lungs.
3. Asthma involves airway inflammation and reversible airflow obstruction, not necessarily linked to smoking.
4. Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the lungs, not directly related to smoking.
5. Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, not synonymous with airflow obstruction.

Summary: COPD is the correct answer as it aligns with the chronic condition characterized by airflow obstruction due to long-term smoking, distinguishing it from the other choices.

You may also like to solve these questions

What is a blood clot that forms in a vein, often in the legs, and can cause serious complications if it travels to the lungs?

  • A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
  • B. Pulmonary embolism
  • C. Varicose veins
  • D. Atherosclerosis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, commonly in the legs. It can lead to serious complications if the clot dislodges and travels to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism. Varicose veins (C) are enlarged, twisted veins near the surface of the skin, not involving deep veins. Atherosclerosis (D) is the build-up of plaque in arteries, not related to vein clot formation. Pulmonary embolism (B) is a complication of DVT, not the initial clot formation in a vein.

A patient with cardiogenic shock receives a nursing diagnosis of decreased cardiac output. With the appropriate interventions, the anticipated outcome is for the patient to achieve:

  • A. baseline activity level.
  • B. baseline cardiac function.
  • C. decreased afterload.
  • D. reduced anxiety.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Restoring baseline cardiac function is the goal in managing decreased cardiac output.

Which disease is characterized by the damage to the alveoli in the lungs, leading to breathlessness?

  • A. Emphysema
  • B. Pulmonary fibrosis
  • C. Lung cancer
  • D. Lung abscess
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emphysema. This disease is characterized by the destruction of alveoli, leading to breathlessness. Emphysema is typically caused by smoking, resulting in the breakdown of lung tissue and reduced oxygen exchange. Pulmonary fibrosis (B) involves scarring of lung tissue, not alveolar damage. Lung cancer (C) is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the lung, not alveolar destruction. Lung abscess (D) is a localized infection in the lung, not related to alveolar damage causing breathlessness.

What is the pathophysiology of acute pulmonary edema?

  • A. Acute pulmonary edema occurs when there is a sudden increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, leading to leakage of fluid into the alveoli and interstitial spaces in the lungs.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: This fluid accumulation impairs gas exchange, causing severe respiratory distress.

The client is on enalapril (Vasotec) for hypertension. What side effect is most commonly associated with this medication?

  • A. Dry cough
  • B. Hypotension
  • C. Hyperkalemia
  • D. Headache
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dry cough. Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor, which commonly causes a dry cough due to increased bradykinin levels. This side effect is well-documented in literature and can lead to medication non-adherence. Other choices (B) Hypotension, (C) Hyperkalemia, and (D) Headache are potential side effects of enalapril but are not as commonly associated as dry cough. Hypotension and hyperkalemia are more serious adverse effects that require monitoring, while headache is a less common side effect compared to dry cough.

Copyright © 2025 Nokea. All rights reserved.