Nokea
Which of the following is a common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A. Smoking
- B. Asthma
- C. Allergies
- D. Chronic bronchitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Smoking is the correct answer as it is a well-established common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Smoking leads to long-term damage to the lungs, contributing to the development of COPD. Choice B, asthma, is not a cause but a separate respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Allergies, choice C, are not a direct cause of COPD but can exacerbate symptoms in individuals with existing COPD. Chronic bronchitis, choice D, is a type of COPD, not a cause of COPD itself, making it an incorrect choice in this context.
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In a patient with cirrhosis, which of the following lab results is most concerning?
- A. Elevated liver enzymes.
- B. Low albumin levels.
- C. Elevated bilirubin levels.
- D. Low platelet count.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a patient with cirrhosis, a low platelet count is the most concerning lab result. Thrombocytopenia, or low platelet count, is common in cirrhosis due to impaired platelet production in the liver. It significantly increases the risk of bleeding and can lead to serious complications such as hemorrhage. Elevated liver enzymes (Choice A) are expected in cirrhosis but may not directly indicate the severity of the disease. Low albumin levels (Choice B) are common in cirrhosis and can contribute to fluid retention but do not pose an immediate risk of bleeding. Elevated bilirubin levels (Choice C) are also expected in cirrhosis and typically indicate impaired liver function but do not directly increase the risk of bleeding as much as a low platelet count.
A young adult is burned when wearing a shirt that was splashed with lighter fluid and caught on fire while attempting to light a charcoal grill. The client ripped off the shirt immediately, without unbuttoning the sleeves, which caused circumferential burns to both wrists. When the client is admitted, which intervention should the nurse implement first?
- A. Monitor pulse intensity.
- B. Evaluate extremity sensation.
- C. Assess range of motion.
- D. Place sterile bandage on both wrists.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring pulse intensity is the priority to ensure circulation is not compromised due to circumferential burns.
Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with a high risk of stroke?
- A. Hypertension.
- B. Diabetes.
- C. Obesity.
- D. Smoking.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypertension is the correct answer. Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a major risk factor for stroke because it puts increased pressure on blood vessels in the brain, making them more prone to damage and increasing the likelihood of a stroke. While diabetes, obesity, and smoking are also risk factors for stroke, hypertension is the most commonly associated condition with a high risk of stroke due to its direct impact on the blood vessels.
A young adult client, admitted to the Emergency Department following a motor vehicle collision, is transfused with 4 units of PRBCs (packed red blood cells). The client's pretransfusion hematocrit is 17%. Which hematocrit value should the nurse expect the client to have after all the PRBCs have been transfused?
- A. 0.19
- B. 0.09
- C. 0.39
- D. 0.29
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The expected increase in hematocrit after transfusion is approximately 3% per unit of PRBCs. Since the client received 4 units, the expected increase would be 4 x 3% = 12%. Therefore, adding this to the pretransfusion hematocrit of 17% would result in an expected post-transfusion hematocrit of 29%. Choice A (0.19) is incorrect as it doesn't consider the incremental increase per unit of PRBCs. Choices B (0.09) and C (0.39) are also incorrect as they do not align with the expected increase in hematocrit following the transfusion of 4 units of PRBCs.
The client who experiences angina has been advised to follow a low-cholesterol diet. Which of the following meals would be best?
- A. Hamburger, salad, and milkshake.
- B. Baked liver, green beans, and coffee.
- C. Spaghetti with tomato sauce, salad, and coffee.
- D. Fried chicken, green beans, and skim milk.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The best meal option for a client with angina following a low-cholesterol diet is spaghetti with tomato sauce, salad, and coffee. This meal is lower in cholesterol content compared to the other options provided. Hamburger with salad and milkshake, baked liver with green beans and coffee, and fried chicken with green beans and skim milk are higher in cholesterol and may not be suitable for an individual with angina who needs to adhere to a low-cholesterol diet.