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Which of the following is a common complication associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
- A. Urinary retention
- B. Erectile dysfunction
- C. Urethral stricture
- D. Renal calculi
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can lead to urinary retention, which is a common complication associated with this condition. As the prostate gland enlarges, it can obstruct the flow of urine from the bladder through the urethra. This obstruction can result in difficulty starting to urinate, weak urine flow, frequent urination, incomplete bladder emptying, and eventually urinary retention. If left untreated, urinary retention can lead to serious complications such as urinary tract infections, bladder damage, kidney damage, and even kidney stones. Therefore, urinary retention is an important complication to be aware of in patients with BPH.
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A patient expresses frustration with the treatment plan proposed by the healthcare team. What is the most appropriate response from the nurse?
- A. Dismiss the patient's concerns and assure them that the treatment plan is the best option.
- B. Empathize with the patient's frustration and explore their concerns further.
- C. Ignore the patient's frustration and proceed with implementing the treatment plan.
- D. Tell the patient that they have no choice but to follow the treatment plan.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate response from the nurse when a patient expresses frustration with the treatment plan proposed by the healthcare team is to empathize with the patient's frustration and explore their concerns further. It is important to actively listen to the patient, acknowledge their feelings, and address any questions or uncertainties they may have about the treatment plan. By engaging in open communication and demonstrating empathy, the nurse can foster a therapeutic relationship with the patient and work towards finding a solution that is mutually agreeable and beneficial for the patient's well-being. Dismissing the patient's concerns (Option A) or ignoring their frustration (Option C) can lead to a breakdown in communication and trust, which may ultimately impact the patient's compliance with the treatment plan. Similarly, telling the patient that they have no choice but to follow the treatment plan (Option D) can be perceived as dismissive and confrontational, which is not conducive to promoting patient-centered care.
In order to PREVENT the spread of Scabies infestation to other residents in the community, Nurse Emma should teach the family, which of the following?
- A. Boil the utensils used by the patients
- B. Avoid sharing items used by the infected person.
- C. Take a bath three or more times a day.
- D. Wear mask and shield at all times even at home.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to avoid sharing items used by the infected person in order to prevent the spread of Scabies infestation to other residents in the community. Scabies is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, and it can easily spread through direct skin-to-skin contact or by sharing personal items such as clothing, towels, and bedding. By advising the family to avoid sharing items used by the infected person, Nurse Emma is helping to prevent the transmission of the mites to others in the community. Boiling utensils, taking excessive baths, or wearing masks and shields are not necessary preventive measures for scabies infestation.
Dina is taking human Insulin injection for diabetes. Which of the following health instructions should you APPROPRIATELY emphasized in order to avoid hypoglycemia? Inject insulin into the _______.
- A. Anterior part of the leg muscle intramuscularly
- B. Gluteal region subcutaneously and rotate
- C. Abdominal wall subcutaneously and then rotate
- D. Deltoid muscle intramuscularly and rotate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The appropriate and recommended site for insulin injection to help avoid hypoglycemia is the abdominal wall subcutaneously. This site offers a consistent and reliable rate of absorption of insulin into the bloodstream. By injecting insulin into the abdominal wall subcutaneously, it allows for better control of blood sugar levels and reduces the risk of hypoglycemia. Additionally, it is important to rotate injection sites within the chosen area to prevent the development of lipohypertrophy (thickened, rubbery areas under the skin), which can affect insulin absorption.
A patient presents with unilateral nasal congestion, facial pain, and purulent nasal discharge. Upon examination, tenderness is noted over the affected sinus. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Allergic rhinitis
- B. Acute sinusitis
- C. Nasal polyps
- D. Deviated nasal septum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient's symptoms of unilateral nasal congestion, facial pain, and purulent nasal discharge with tenderness over the affected sinus are suggestive of acute sinusitis. Acute sinusitis is typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection leading to inflammation and swelling of the sinus mucosa, resulting in the characteristic symptoms described. The tenderness over the affected sinus indicates inflammation in that area. Allergic rhinitis typically presents with bilateral nasal congestion, clear nasal discharge, and itching, rather than facial pain and purulent discharge. Nasal polyps are associated with chronic conditions and usually lead to more gradual onset of symptoms. A deviated nasal septum may contribute to chronic sinus issues but typically does not present with acute symptoms of infection like purulent discharge and facial pain.
When can AIDS be manifested? The nurse answer was, "It can be as early as _______."
- A. 1 year or as late as 2 years
- B. 2 years or as late as 10 years
- C. 1 year
- D. 6 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), it can take an average of 8-10 years before the development of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) if left untreated. However, AIDS can manifest sooner in some cases, typically within 2 years, especially if the person's immune system is already significantly compromised or if they have other underlying health conditions. Thus, the manifestation of AIDS can vary, but it generally occurs within a range of 2 to 10 years after initial HIV infection.