Nokea
Which of the following is a common presentation in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome?
- A. Oligomenorrhea, obesity, and hirsutism
- B. Amenorrhea, generalized hair loss, and weight gain
- C. Repeated ectopic pregnancies and chronic pelvic pain
- D. Fatigue, body aches, and menorrhagia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oligomenorrhea, obesity, and hirsutism. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) commonly presents with irregular periods (oligomenorrhea), obesity, and increased hair growth (hirsutism) due to hormonal imbalances. Choice B is incorrect as amenorrhea (absence of periods), generalized hair loss, and weight gain are not typical features of PCOS. Choice C is incorrect as repeated ectopic pregnancies and chronic pelvic pain are not characteristic of PCOS. Choice D is incorrect as fatigue, body aches, and menorrhagia (excessive menstrual bleeding) are not primary symptoms seen in PCOS.
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Which of the following are layers of the anterior abdominal wall?
- A. Linear albicantes
- B. Superficial fascia
- C. Visceral peritoneum
- D. Fascia transversalis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Linear albicantes and B: Superficial fascia. Linear albicantes are stretch marks, and the superficial fascia is one of the layers of the anterior abdominal wall. Choices C and D, Visceral peritoneum and Fascia transversalis, respectively, are not layers of the anterior abdominal wall. The visceral peritoneum is a membrane covering the abdominal organs, and the fascia transversalis is a layer deep to the transversus abdominis muscle.
What is one role of the hormone estrogen?
- A. Stimulates the development of the milk-producing tissue.
- B. Stimulates the production of lactoferrin.
- C. Stimulates the development of the nipple and duct system in the breast.
- D. Stimulates the secretion of relaxin.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Estrogen stimulates the development of the milk-producing tissue in the breast. This hormone is essential in preparing the breast for milk production. Choice B is incorrect because lactoferrin production is not a primary role of estrogen. Choice C is incorrect as estrogen primarily influences the development of the breast tissue rather than specifically the nipple and duct system. Choice D is incorrect because relaxin secretion is not a function typically associated with estrogen.
Which technique is used to detect HIV/AIDS?
- A. Northern blot and ELISA
- B. Immunoblot and ELISA
- C. Western blot and ELISA
- D. Southern blot and ELISA
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Western blot and ELISA. Western blot and ELISA are commonly used techniques in the detection of HIV/AIDS. Western blot is used to confirm the presence of HIV antibodies in a patient's blood after an initial positive ELISA test. Northern blotting is a technique used for RNA analysis, not for detecting HIV/AIDS (Choice A). Immunoblotting is another term for Western blotting, so Choice B is incorrect. Southern blotting is used for DNA analysis, not for detecting HIV/AIDS (Choice D).
To minimize unsafe abortions, IRH has strengthened:
- A. The termination of pregnancy act
- B. The post-abortion care and counseling services
- C. The gender and violence unit of the police services
- D. The empowerment of all women who want to abort
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Post-abortion care and counseling services are crucial in reducing unsafe abortions by providing support, medical care, and guidance to individuals who have undergone abortions, ensuring their physical and emotional well-being. Strengthening the termination of pregnancy act (Choice A) might focus more on the legal aspects rather than the healthcare services needed post-abortion. The gender and violence unit of the police services (Choice C) is important for addressing gender-based violence but not directly related to reducing unsafe abortions. Empowering all women who want to abort (Choice D) is a broad concept that may not specifically address the need for comprehensive post-abortion care and counseling services.
Lactational Amenorrhoea Method (LAM) is best for:
- A. Clients who do not wish to have any more children
- B. Clients with a baby less than 6 months postpartum
- C. Clients who want to wait before having a first or another child
- D. Clients with several sexual partners
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clients with a baby less than 6 months postpartum. Lactational Amenorrhoea Method (LAM) is a highly effective temporary family planning method that is recommended for women who have recently given birth and are breastfeeding. LAM works best when the baby is less than 6 months old, the mother is exclusively breastfeeding, and her menstrual periods have not resumed. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because LAM is specifically designed for postpartum women with infants less than 6 months old, focusing on the lactational infertility that occurs during exclusive breastfeeding.