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Which of the following is a complex sentence?
- A. When skywriting, a pilot flies a small aircraft in specific, particular formations, creating large letters visible from the ground.
- B. The public defense attorney was able to maintain her optimism despite her dearth of courtroom wins, her lack of free time, and her growing list of clients.
- C. Because the distance between stars in the galaxy is far greater than the distance between planets, interstellar travel is expected to be an even bigger challenge than interplanetary exploration.
- D. Invented in France in the early nineteenth century, the stethoscope underwent a number of reiterations before the emergence of the modern form of the instrument in the 1850s.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A complex sentence has one independent clause and at least one dependent clause connected by a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun. In choice C, the sentence 'Because the distance between stars in the galaxy is far greater than the distance between planets' is a dependent clause introduced by the subordinating conjunction 'Because,' while the rest of the sentence 'interstellar travel is expected to be an even bigger challenge than interplanetary exploration' forms the independent clause. This combination of an independent clause and a dependent clause makes choice C a complex sentence. Choices A, B, and D do not contain both an independent and dependent clause connected in the way that choice C does, thus they do not qualify as complex sentences.
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Though professional dental care is widely available in the developed world, the prevalence of cavities is much higher there. Which of the following parts of speech is widely used in the sentence?
- A. adjective
- B. noun
- C. adverb
- D. verb
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the sentence, 'widely' is used as an adverb. It modifies the adjective 'available,' describing the extent to which professional dental care is available. An adverb can modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. In this case, 'widely' modifies the adjective 'available,' making it an adverb. Choice A, 'adjective,' is incorrect because 'widely' is not describing a noun. Choice B, 'noun,' is incorrect because 'widely' is not a noun. Choice D, 'verb,' is incorrect because 'widely' is not being used as a verb in the sentence.
Unlike a traditional comic book, a graphic novel is released as one single publication, either in the form of one long story or an anthology. Which of the following is an appropriate synonym for traditional as it is used in the sentence?
- A. old-fashioned
- B. conventional
- C. expensive
- D. popular
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this context, 'traditional' is used to describe the characteristic of a comic book that follows long-established conventions. The word 'conventional' is the most appropriate synonym because it implies something that follows standard or established practices. 'Old-fashioned' suggests something outdated, which is not the intended meaning here. 'Expensive' and 'popular' do not relate to the context of how comic books are released and do not align with the meaning of 'traditional' in this specific context.
Which of the following phrases follows the rules of capitalization?
- A. President Carter and his advisors
- B. Robert Jones, the senior Senator from California
- C. my Aunt and Uncle who live out West
- D. the party on New Year's Eve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. In this phrase, the words 'Senator' and 'California' are capitalized correctly since they refer to a specific position and a proper noun, respectively. 'Senator' is capitalized as it is part of the title and 'California' is capitalized as a proper noun. Choice A is incorrect because 'President' should be capitalized when it precedes a specific name, like 'President Carter.' Choice C is incorrect because 'Aunt' and 'Uncle' are not proper nouns and should not be capitalized. Choice D is incorrect because only 'New Year's Eve' should be capitalized as it is a proper noun for the event.
Though the term nomad is often associated with early populations, nomadic cultures exist today, especially in the mountains of Europe and Asia. Which of the following punctuation marks is used incorrectly?
- A. the comma after populations
- B. the comma after today
- C. the apostrophe in mountain's
- D. the period after Asia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The apostrophe in 'mountain's' is used incorrectly. The word should be 'mountains' without the apostrophe because it is a plural noun, not possessive. The other choices (A, B, D) have the correct usage of punctuation marks and do not contain errors related to punctuation.
Which of the following root words would be used in a word related to the body?
- A. corp
- B. auto
- C. man
- D. bio
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The root word 'corp' is related to the body as it comes from the Latin word 'corpus,' meaning body. Words like 'corporal' and 'corporation' are derived from this root, linking them to the body in some manner. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. 'Auto' relates to self or automatic, 'man' pertains to human or hand, and 'bio' is associated with life or living organisms, none of which directly signify the body.