Nokea
Which of the following is a condition characterized by a loss of bone density and increased risk of fractures?
- A. Osteoarthritis
- B. Rickets
- C. Osteoporosis
- D. Scoliosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by a loss of bone density, leading to fragile bones and an increased risk of fractures. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease affecting cartilage, Rickets is caused by a deficiency in vitamin D leading to impaired bone development, and Scoliosis is an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine. Therefore, the correct answer is osteoporosis as it specifically pertains to decreased bone density and fracture risk, distinguishing it from the other conditions listed.
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The framework of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons that provides structure, support, and facilitates movement is part of the:
- A. Muscular system
- B. Skeletal system
- C. Nervous system
- D. Endocrine system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons that work together to provide structure, support, protection for internal organs, and facilitate movement. It is responsible for supporting the body's framework and protecting vital organs. The muscular system (option A) consists of muscles that work with the skeletal system to produce movement but does not include bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. The nervous system (option C) is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body to control movement and other functions. The endocrine system (option D) is a collection of glands that produce hormones to regulate various bodily functions but is not primarily involved in structure, support, and movement as the skeletal system is.
What is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body responsible for draining lymph from most of the body called?
- A. Jugular vein
- B. Thoracic duct
- C. Subclavian vein
- D. Aorta
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thoracic duct. The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body and is responsible for draining lymph from most of the body. The jugular vein, subclavian vein, and aorta are not lymphatic vessels responsible for draining lymph. The jugular vein and subclavian vein are blood vessels, while the aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart. Understanding the role and anatomy of the lymphatic system is crucial for comprehending the body's immune response and fluid balance.
What is the main function of vacuoles in plant cells?
- A. To provide structural support for the cell
- B. To transport substances in and out of the cell
- C. To synthesize proteins and lipids
- D. To store water, enzymes, and waste products
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vacuoles in plant cells primarily function as storage organelles. They store water, enzymes, pigments, and waste products, helping to maintain turgor pressure within the cell. This turgor pressure provides structural support for the plant cell. While vacuoles can also participate in transporting substances within the cell, their main role is storage. The synthesis of proteins and lipids is mainly handled by other organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Choice A is incorrect because while vacuoles indirectly contribute to structural support by maintaining turgor pressure, their primary function is storage. Choice B is incorrect as vacuoles are not primarily responsible for transporting substances in and out of the cell. Choice C is incorrect as vacuoles do not synthesize proteins and lipids; this function is carried out by other organelles.
Which property of matter remains constant regardless of changes in its state?
- A. Mass
- B. Volume
- C. Density
- D. Weight
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Mass.' Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of changes in its state. When matter changes its state (solid, liquid, gas), its mass remains the same. On the other hand, volume can change with the shape the matter takes, density changes as the mass is distributed differently, and weight can vary with the gravitational pull. Therefore, mass is the property that remains constant irrespective of the state of matter, making it the correct choice in this scenario.
What is the primary function of the placenta during pregnancy?
- A. Produce insulin
- B. Facilitate gas exchange between mother and fetus
- C. Excrete waste products from the fetus
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the placenta during pregnancy is to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the mother and the fetus. This ensures that the fetus receives oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide, supporting its growth and development. While the placenta also allows for the transfer of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the fetus, its main role is to ensure proper gas exchange. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the primary role of the placenta is not to produce insulin or excrete waste products from the fetus. Selecting the correct answer, choice B, highlights the crucial role of the placenta in providing oxygen to the fetus and removing carbon dioxide, which are essential for fetal well-being and development.