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Which of the following is a disease caused by a protozoan?
- A. Cat scratch disease
- B. Toxoplasmosis
- C. Relapsing fever
- D. Plague
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. The rationale for this is that protozoa are single-celled organisms that can cause diseases in humans. Cat scratch disease (A) is caused by a bacterium, Bartonella henselae. Relapsing fever (C) is caused by the bacterium Borrelia recurrentis. Plague (D) is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Therefore, the only choice caused by a protozoan is toxoplasmosis, making it the correct answer.
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The bacteria that causes whooping cough is:
- A. Bordetella pertussis
- B. Haemophilus influenzae
- C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- D. Streptococcus pneumoniae
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bordetella pertussis. Whooping cough is caused by this bacteria, which specifically infects the respiratory tract. Bordetella pertussis produces toxins that lead to the characteristic symptoms of the disease. Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pneumoniae are not the causative agents of whooping cough. Haemophilus influenzae can cause respiratory infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with hospital-acquired infections, and Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia and other respiratory infections, but none of these bacteria are responsible for whooping cough.
A patient with pulmonary tuberculosis is prescribed the most effective antituberculous antibiotic. Name this drug:
- A. Furasolidone
- B. Bactrim (Co-trimoxazole)
- C. Streptocide
- D. Rifampicin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Rifampicin. Rifampicin is a first-line antibiotic for treating pulmonary tuberculosis due to its high efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It works by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis. Furasolidone (A) is not commonly used for tuberculosis, Bactrim (B) is not a first-line drug for tuberculosis, and Streptocide (C) is not as effective as Rifampicin.
Bacterial ribosomes consist mainly of:
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Lipids
- C. DNA
- D. rRNA
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: rRNA. Bacterial ribosomes consist mainly of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. Ribosomes are composed of rRNA and proteins, with rRNA being the major component. rRNA serves as the structural and catalytic component of the ribosome, aiding in the binding of mRNA and tRNA during translation. Carbohydrates (A) and lipids (B) are not primary components of ribosomes, and DNA (C) is not found in ribosomes as they are involved in storing genetic information, not in protein synthesis.
Sanitary-biologic examination of air in a drugstore revealed a sanitary-indicative microorganism. Name it:
- A. Staphylococcus aureus
- B. Colon bacillus
- C. Fecal enterococcus
- D. α-haemolytic streptococcus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fecal enterococcus. In a drugstore setting, finding a fecal-indicative microorganism like fecal enterococcus indicates a potential contamination from fecal matter, which poses a significant health risk. Staphylococcus aureus (Choice A) and α-haemolytic streptococcus (Choice D) are not typically indicative of fecal contamination. Colon bacillus (Choice B) is a common bacterium found in the gut but is not specifically indicative of fecal contamination. Therefore, choice C, fecal enterococcus, is the most appropriate microorganism indicating unsanitary conditions in a drugstore.
Bacillus intoxication is caused by:
- A. Bacillus subtilis
- B. Bacillus thuringiensis
- C. Bacillus anthracis
- D. Bacillus cereus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bacillus cereus. Bacillus intoxication is typically caused by Bacillus cereus, which is a common foodborne pathogen. This bacterium produces toxins that can lead to gastrointestinal illness when ingested. Bacillus subtilis (A) and Bacillus thuringiensis (B) are not known to cause intoxication in humans. Bacillus anthracis (C) causes anthrax, not intoxication. Therefore, Bacillus cereus is the correct choice for Bacillus intoxication.