Nokea
Which of the following is a function of the placenta?
- A. The placenta secretes insulin.
- B. The placenta facilitates the exchange of gases and nutrients between mother and fetus.
- C. The placenta provides immunological protection to the fetus.
- D. The placenta stores fat-soluble vitamins for the fetus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The placenta serves as a crucial organ during pregnancy, facilitating the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and nutrients (such as glucose and amino acids) between the mother and the developing fetus. This exchange is vital for the fetus's growth and development. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The placenta does not secrete insulin; insulin is produced by the pancreas. While the placenta provides some immune support to the fetus, its main role is not immunological protection. Additionally, storing fat-soluble vitamins is not a primary function of the placenta.
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What is the role of the progesterone hormone?
- A. Stimulates the development of the nipple and duct system in the breast.
- B. Stimulates the storage of milk.
- C. Stimulates the secretion of relaxin.
- D. Stimulates the development of glandular tissue in the breast.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Progesterone hormone's role includes stimulating the development of the nipple and duct system in the breast. This hormone is crucial for preparing the breast for potential pregnancy by promoting the growth of structures necessary for milk production. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because progesterone primarily focuses on preparing the breast for lactation rather than directly stimulating milk storage, relaxin secretion, or glandular tissue development.
In 1989, the national population policy was formally launched targeting:
- A. Reducing population growth
- B. Making family planning services available
- C. Making services accessible and affordable to all eligible users
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the national population policy launched in 1989 aimed at reducing population growth by making family planning services available, accessible, and affordable to all eligible users. Choice A is incorrect as it does not encompass the full scope of the policy objectives. Choice B is also incomplete as it focuses solely on availability without considering accessibility and affordability. Choice C is partially correct but lacks the comprehensive approach of the national population policy.
During an ectopic pregnancy, what is the likelihood of a rupture in the ampullary portion of the tube?
- A. Frequent
- B. Uncommon
- C. Occasional
- D. Never
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During an ectopic pregnancy, a rupture in the ampullary portion of the tube is frequent. This is due to the increased pressure within the fallopian tube as the embryo grows, leading to the rupture of the tube. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the common occurrence of rupture in this specific part of the tube during an ectopic pregnancy.
Which hormone is released from the testes?
- A. Progesterone
- B. Vasopressin
- C. Testosterone
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is testosterone. Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone produced in the testes. Progesterone is a female sex hormone primarily produced in the ovaries, not in the testes. Vasopressin is a hormone released by the pituitary gland to regulate water balance in the body, not produced by the testes. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect.
Which of the following are layers of endometrium in pregnancy EXCEPT?
- A. Decidua compacta
- B. Decidua spongiosum
- C. Decidua functionalis
- D. Decidua basalis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During pregnancy, the layers of endometrium include decidua compacta, decidua spongiosum, and decidua basalis. Decidua functionalis is the layer that sheds during menstruation and regenerates each cycle, not a layer of the endometrium during pregnancy. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer. Decidua compacta is the layer closest to the conceptus, decidua spongiosum is the middle layer, and decidua basalis is the layer adjacent to the myometrium.