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Which of the following is a key goal of public health nursing?
- A. Providing direct care to individuals
- B. Advocating for policy changes to improve health
- C. Focusing on the treatment of acute illnesses
- D. Conducting research to develop new medical treatments
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because public health nursing focuses on population-level interventions through advocacy for policy changes to improve overall health outcomes. This aligns with the core principles of public health, emphasizing prevention and addressing social determinants of health. Providing direct care to individuals (A) is more aligned with clinical nursing. Focusing on the treatment of acute illnesses (C) is more of a medical approach rather than a public health approach. Conducting research to develop new medical treatments (D) is important but not the primary goal of public health nursing, which is more focused on prevention and promoting health in communities.
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Which primary prevention would the school nurse choose to address the school's number of unwed pregnancies?
- A. Create a class on parenting for both the moms-to-be and the dads-to-be.
- B. Convince the school board to allow sex education classes to include birth control measures.
- C. Employ the moms-to-be as 1-hour-a-day employees in the school daycare center for children born to school students.
- D. Establish a class where all the unwed moms-to-be can learn infant care.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent a problem before it occurs. Education on sexuality and birth control directly addresses the prevention of future pregnancies, unlike the other options which focus on post-pregnancy support.
After accepting the position of school nurse in an public elementary school, what strategy is best for the nurse to use to obtain an overview understanding of the student body?
- A. Review all of the health records of the students presently registered for classes.
- B. Talk with the current officers of the parent-teacher association.
- C. Send home a survey form to parents of third grade students.
- D. Conduct a windshield survey of the geographic areas served by the school.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because conducting a windshield survey of the geographic areas served by the school allows the nurse to visually observe the community, identify resources, potential health risks, and demographics. This method provides a holistic understanding of the student body beyond health records or parent interactions. Reviewing health records (A) would only provide medical information, not a comprehensive overview. Talking with PTA officers (B) may give insight into school activities but not a complete student body profile. Sending a survey form to parents (C) only captures information from a limited group and may not be representative of the entire student population. Conducting a windshield survey is the most effective strategy to gain an overview understanding of the student body.
Which best describes the aspects central to the definition of community?
- A. Geographic boundaries at a point in time
- B. Whatever is most convenient for the nurse
- C. Patterns of disease found
- D. Persons who share common goals and interests
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The person-place-time model suggests epidemiologists examine demographic characteristics of the community (person characteristics), geographic or environmental factors (place), and a point in time (i.e., the present in comparison with the past and hope for future). Therefore, using the model, any item related to geographic boundaries, persons with shared goals, or a particular time would be correct. Options B, C, and D do not align with this model as they do not emphasize the core aspects of place, people, and time.
Which of the following is the best method for determining the health needs of a community?
- A. Conducting a needs assessment survey
- B. Reviewing local health statistics
- C. Interviewing community leaders
- D. Observing community behaviors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Conducting a needs assessment survey. This method allows for systematic data collection from a diverse sample of community members, providing a comprehensive understanding of health needs. It ensures a holistic approach, considering various perspectives and demographics. Survey results can identify key health issues, prioritize interventions, and guide resource allocation effectively.
Reviewing local health statistics (B) may not capture the nuances of community needs. Interviewing community leaders (C) may not represent the entire community. Observing behaviors (D) alone may not provide insights into underlying health issues. Conducting a needs assessment survey is the most inclusive and evidence-based method for determining community health needs.
A nurse is planning a nutrition class for a group of senior citizens at a community center and wants to emphasize the amount and types of fat in some foods versus others. What is the best teaching method for the nurse to use?
- A. Display posters with foods and tell seniors about fat content
- B. Determine foods most often eaten by this group and discuss the nutritional panel of each product
- C. Show a movie about cooking with foods that are low in fat but delicious
- D. Ask each senior to bring a food for others to taste, then estimate the fat contained in these foods COMMUNITY HEALTH PRACTICE EXAM - VERSION A
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it aligns with the principles of adult learning and nutrition education. By determining the foods most often consumed by the senior citizens and discussing the nutritional panel of each product, the nurse can tailor the information to the specific needs and preferences of the group. This method promotes active engagement, relevance, and practical application of knowledge, making it more likely for the seniors to retain and apply the information in their daily lives.
The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Displaying posters with foods and telling seniors about fat content is a passive method that may not effectively engage the group or address their specific dietary habits.
C: Showing a movie about cooking with low-fat foods may be entertaining but lacks the interactive and personalized approach needed for effective nutrition education.
D: Asking seniors to bring foods for tasting and estimating fat content may not provide accurate information and may not address the overall understanding of nutritional content in various foods.