Nokea
Which of the following is a key principle of Primary Health Care (PHC)?
- A. Centralized health planning
- B. Community participation
- C. Focus on specialized care
- D. High technology healthcare
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Community participation. This is a key principle of Primary Health Care (PHC) as it emphasizes involving communities in decision-making, planning, and implementation of healthcare services. Community participation ensures that healthcare services are culturally appropriate, accessible, and meet the specific needs of the population. It also promotes empowerment and ownership of health initiatives within the community.
Centralized health planning (A) goes against the decentralized and community-focused approach of PHC. Focus on specialized care (C) contradicts the comprehensive and holistic nature of PHC. High technology healthcare (D) may not always be feasible or accessible in resource-limited settings, which is a key consideration in PHC implementation.
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Which of the following practices is essential for preventing the spread of healthcare-associated infections?
- A. Frequent handwashing
- B. Sharing medical equipment
- C. Reducing patient turnover
- D. Increasing hospital bed capacity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Frequent handwashing. Handwashing is essential for preventing the spread of healthcare-associated infections as it helps remove and kill harmful bacteria and viruses. By washing hands regularly, healthcare workers can reduce the risk of transmitting infections between patients. Sharing medical equipment (B) can actually increase the spread of infections. Reducing patient turnover (C) can help minimize exposure, but without proper hand hygiene, infections can still spread. Increasing hospital bed capacity (D) is unrelated to preventing infections. Therefore, A is the most effective practice for infection control.
What is the primary purpose of conducting a health survey in a community?
- A. To provide medical treatment to individuals
- B. To gather data on health status and needs
- C. To distribute health education materials
- D. To perform laboratory tests
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To gather data on health status and needs. The primary purpose of conducting a health survey in a community is to systematically collect information on the health of the population, identify health issues, assess needs, and guide healthcare planning. This data helps in developing effective public health interventions and policies.
Choice A (To provide medical treatment to individuals) is incorrect because health surveys focus on population-level data collection, not individual treatment. Choice C (To distribute health education materials) is incorrect as the primary purpose of a health survey is data collection, not distribution of materials. Choice D (To perform laboratory tests) is incorrect because health surveys typically involve collecting information through questionnaires and interviews, rather than conducting laboratory tests.
Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease?
- A. Measles
- B. Tuberculosis
- C. Malaria
- D. Hepatitis B
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Malaria. Malaria is an example of a vector-borne disease because it is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. The mosquito acts as a vector, carrying and transmitting the infectious agent (Plasmodium parasite) from one host to another. Measles (A), Tuberculosis (B), and Hepatitis B (D) are not vector-borne diseases. Measles is transmitted through respiratory droplets, Tuberculosis through airborne particles, and Hepatitis B through contact with infected blood or body fluids.
At what age is the first dose of the MMR vaccine typically administered to a child?
- A. At birth
- B. 6 months
- C. 12 months
- D. 18 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 12 months. The first dose of the MMR vaccine is typically administered at 12 months of age because this is when a child's immune system is more developed to respond effectively to the vaccine. Administering it earlier may not provide adequate protection. Choice A (At birth) is incorrect because newborns have maternal antibodies that can interfere with the vaccine's efficacy. Choice B (6 months) is too early as infants need time to develop their immune system. Choice D (18 months) is also incorrect as delaying the vaccine may leave the child vulnerable to diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella.
What is the primary goal of health education?
- A. To diagnose diseases
- B. To change behavior for improved health
- C. To provide emergency medical care
- D. To perform surgeries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal of health education is to change behavior for improved health. This involves educating individuals on healthy lifestyle choices, preventive measures, and disease management strategies. By empowering individuals with knowledge and skills, health education aims to promote better health outcomes. Diagnosing diseases (choice A) and providing emergency medical care (choice C) are responsibilities of healthcare professionals, not the primary goal of health education. Performing surgeries (choice D) is a medical intervention and not within the scope of health education's primary goal.