Immune System Test Quizlet

Immune System Test Quizlet Related

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Which of the following is a molecule that inhibits T cell activation, is highly expressed in Tregs and is used in a recombinant (synthetic) form to treat some autoimmune diseases?

  • A. CD86
  • B. CTLA-4
  • C. MHC class II
  • D. CD4
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: CTLA-4. CTLA-4 inhibits T cell activation by binding to CD80/CD86 on antigen-presenting cells, preventing the co-stimulatory signal required for T cell activation. It is highly expressed in Tregs, which suppress immune responses. Recombinant CTLA-4 (e.g., abatacept) is used to treat autoimmune diseases by blocking T cell activation.

Explanation for other choices:
A: CD86 is a co-stimulatory molecule that activates T cells, not inhibits them.
C: MHC class II molecules present antigens to T cells, they do not inhibit T cell activation.
D: CD4 is a co-receptor that helps T cells recognize antigens presented by MHC class II molecules, it does not inhibit T cell activation.

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Which nutrients aid in capillary synthesis and collagen production by the fibroblasts in wound healing?

  • A. Fats
  • B. Proteins
  • C. Vitamin C
  • D. Vitamin A
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin C plays a crucial role in collagen synthesis, which is essential for wound healing. It supports the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) and strengthens connective tissue.

The physician is having difficulty finding the appropriate dose for the patient taking warfarin (Coumadin). What can the nurse suggest that may solve this problem?

  • A. Pharmacogenetic testing
  • B. Start bivalirudin (Angiomax) IV
  • C. Change from warfarin (Coumadin) to clopidogrel (Plavix) and aspirin
  • D. Change from warfarin (Coumadin) to enoxoparin (Lovenox) injections
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pharmacogenetic testing evaluates genetic variations affecting drug metabolism, helping optimize dosing for medications like warfarin.

A client with AIDS is experiencing bouts of diarrhea,anorexia,nausea and vomiting. Cryptosporidiosis is diagnosed and the nurse goes to hang the first antibiotic. Which type of macrolide antibiotic is the nurse going to hang?

  • A. Humatin
  • B. Azithromycin
  • C. Penicillin
  • D. Ancef
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic commonly used to treat cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients.

What percent of clients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) will experience hypotension during a tilt table test,which can eventually be diagnostic for these clients?

  • A. 60%
  • B. 96%
  • C. 80%
  • D. 20%
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Approximately 96% of clients with CFS experience hypotension during a tilt table test which helps in diagnosing the condition.

Your patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is taking prednisone (Deltasone) and naproxen (Alleve) to reduce inflammation and joint pain. Which of these symptoms is the strongest indicator that a change in therapy may be necessary?

  • A. The patient states that the RA symptoms are worst in the morning.
  • B. The patient complains about having dry eyes.
  • C. The patient has round and moveable nodules just under the skin.
  • D. The patient has stools that are very dark in color.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Dark stools can indicate gastrointestinal bleeding which is a serious side effect of NSAIDs like naproxen. This requires immediate attention and possibly a change in therapy. The other symptoms while related to RA do not indicate an urgent need for a change in treatment.

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