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Which of the following is a potential ethical issue related to fetal surgery?
- A. Informed consent
- B. Allocation of resources
- C. End-of-life decision making
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Informed consent is a key ethical issue in fetal surgery, ensuring parents understand the risks and benefits.
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Which of the following is a potential cause of female infertility?
- A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- B. Endometriosis
- C. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: PCOS endometriosis and PID are all common causes of female infertility. These conditions can disrupt normal reproductive function making conception difficult.
Which of the following hormones is responsible for stimulating milk production during lactation?
- A. Progesterone
- B. Estrogen
- C. Prolactin
- D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prolactin is the hormone responsible for stimulating milk production during lactation.
A nurse is reviewing the prescriptions for a client who is pregnant and is taking digoxin. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to best evaluate the client’s medication adherence?
- A. Ask the client if they are taking the medication as prescribed.
- B. Assess the client’s kidney function.
- C. Determine the client’s apical pulse rate.
- D. Check the client’s serum medication level.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Check the client’s serum medication level. This is the best action to evaluate medication adherence for digoxin in a pregnant client. Serum medication levels provide an objective measure of how much of the drug is present in the body, indicating if the client is taking the medication as prescribed. Asking the client directly (choice A) may not always yield accurate information. Assessing kidney function (choice B) is important for monitoring potential side effects of digoxin but does not directly assess medication adherence. Determining the apical pulse rate (choice C) is important for monitoring digoxin therapy but does not evaluate medication adherence.
A nurse is caring for a client who is hypotensive following the administration of epidural anesthesia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Turn the client to a side-lying position.
- B. Apply oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula.
- C. Massage the client’s fundus.
- D. Assist the client to empty their bladder.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Turn the client to a side-lying position. This helps to improve blood flow and circulation, which can help increase blood pressure in a hypotensive client. Placing the client on their side also helps prevent potential complications such as supine hypotension syndrome.
Choice B is incorrect because administering oxygen may not directly address the underlying cause of hypotension in this situation.
Choice C is incorrect as massaging the fundus is typically done to assess postpartum bleeding in women who have recently given birth, not for hypotension following epidural anesthesia.
Choice D is incorrect because while emptying the bladder can help in some cases of hypotension, it may not be the most immediate or appropriate action in this scenario.
Which of the following is a potential barrier to effective communication with patients and families in maternal and newborn healthcare?
- A. Language barriers
- B. Cultural differences
- C. Limited access to technology
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Language barriers can hinder understanding between healthcare providers and patients/families. Cultural differences can impact communication styles and beliefs. Limited access to technology can restrict communication channels. Choosing D is correct as it encompasses the potential barriers in effective communication. Options A, B, and C are incorrect as they represent individual barriers, whereas D covers all possible barriers in maternal and newborn healthcare communication.