Nokea
Which of the following is a reason that people are at greater risk for infection as they get older?
- A. As people age
- B. their immune systems become stronger.
- C. Elderly people are hospitalized more often.
- D. Older people recover from illness more quickly.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
1. As people age, their immune systems naturally weaken, making them more susceptible to infections.
2. With age, the immune system's ability to respond to pathogens decreases, leading to an increased risk of infections.
3. Older individuals often have a reduced production of immune cells and antibodies, further compromising their immune response.
4. Conversely, choices A, C, and D do not directly address the physiological changes in the immune system associated with aging, making them incorrect.
You may also like to solve these questions
Early central venous pressure monitoring during fluid resuscitation in the ED has the greatest utility in a:
- A. Patient with a splenic laceration
- B. Patient with an inhalation injury
- C. 6-year-old child with a pelvic fracture
- D. Patient with a severe cardiac contusion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, a patient with a severe cardiac contusion. Central venous pressure monitoring is essential for assessing fluid status and cardiac function in patients with significant cardiac injuries. Monitoring CVP can guide fluid resuscitation and help optimize cardiac output in these patients.
Choice A, a patient with a splenic laceration, does not typically require CVP monitoring as the focus is on managing bleeding and hemodynamic stability. Choice B, a patient with an inhalation injury, would benefit more from oxygenation monitoring and respiratory support rather than CVP monitoring. Choice C, a 6-year-old child with a pelvic fracture, may require monitoring for hypovolemic shock but not necessarily through CVP monitoring, which is more invasive and not typically indicated in this scenario.
Residents with congestive heart failure may
- A. Be on a high-sodium diet
- B. Take medications that cause a decrease in urinary output
- C. Have a force fluids medical order
- D. Need to do range of motion exercises to improve muscle tone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because range of motion exercises can help improve muscle tone in individuals with congestive heart failure, aiding in overall physical functioning and quality of life. It is important for patients with heart failure to maintain muscle strength to support the heart and enhance exercise tolerance.
A: Being on a high-sodium diet is not recommended for individuals with congestive heart failure as it can lead to fluid retention and worsen symptoms.
B: Medications that cause a decrease in urinary output can exacerbate fluid retention, which is detrimental for individuals with congestive heart failure.
C: Having a force fluids medical order is not typically necessary for individuals with congestive heart failure unless there are specific indications, as excessive fluid intake can worsen symptoms and lead to fluid overload.
The first thing a nursing assistant should do when reacting to a conflict with another nursing assistant is to
- A. Go to management to report the problem
- B. Ask a favorite resident what she should do
- C. Think about the possible reasons why a person is behaving in an undesirable way
- D. Decide not to speak to that nursing assistant again until she apologizes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it promotes empathy and understanding in resolving conflicts. By considering possible reasons for the other person's behavior, the nursing assistant can approach the situation with a level head and seek a constructive resolution. Going to management (A) may escalate the conflict unnecessarily. Asking a resident for advice (B) is inappropriate as it puts the resident in a difficult position. Deciding not to speak to the nursing assistant (D) is passive-aggressive and does not address the issue directly.
Which could be a direct financial consequence to a business of poor health and safety standards?
- A. Fines and associated legal fees.
- B. An increase in staff training costs.
- C. Recruitment and consultancy fees.
- D. An increase in insurance premiums.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fines and legal fees are direct financial impacts of poor health and safety standards.
A burn that affects the epidermis and causes redness and pain is a
- A. First-degree (superficial) burn
- B. Second-degree (partial-thickness) burn
- C. Third-degree (full-thickness) burn
- D. Scald
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: First-degree (superficial) burn. This type of burn only affects the epidermis, causing redness and pain. The epidermis is the top layer of the skin, and a first-degree burn is characterized by mild symptoms such as redness and pain without blistering or skin damage.
Choice B: Second-degree (partial-thickness) burn involves damage to both the epidermis and the dermis, leading to blistering and more severe pain.
Choice C: Third-degree (full-thickness) burn affects all layers of the skin, causing white or charred skin and potentially no pain due to nerve damage.
Choice D: Scald is a type of injury caused by hot liquids or steam, not a specific classification of burn.
In summary, the other choices are incorrect because they describe burns that involve deeper layers of the skin and more severe symptoms compared to a first-degree burn, which only affects the epidermis.