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Which of the following is a standard of professional performance?
- A. Assessment
- B. Education
- C. Planning
- D. Implementation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Education is a standard of professional performance. Other standards of professional performance include the quality of practice, professional practice evaluation, collegiality, collaboration, ethics, research, resource utilization, and leadership. Assessment, planning, and implementation are components of the nursing process, not standards of professional performance.
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As a patient diagnosed with a mental illness is being discharged from a facility, a nurse invites the patient to the annual staff picnic. What is the best analysis of this scenario?
- A. The invitation facilitates dependency on the nurse.
- B. The nurse’s action blurs the boundaries of the therapeutic relationship.
- C. The invitation is therapeutic for the patient’s diversional activity deficit.
- D. The nurse’s action assists the patient’s integration into community living.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inviting the patient to a social event, as in Option B, shifts the relationship from therapeutic to social, blurring boundaries. Options A, C, and D misinterpret the action’s impact.
A nurse assesses a confused older adult. The nurse experiences sadness and reflects, 'This patient is like one of my grandparents "¦ so helpless.' Which response is the nurse demonstrating?
- A. Transference
- B. Countertransference
- C. Catastrophic reaction
- D. Defensive coping reaction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Countertransference is the nurse's transference or response to a patient that is based on the nurse's unconscious needs, conflicts, problems, or view of the world. See relationship to audience response question.
A nurse is assessing a patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder. The patient states, 'I feel like everything is falling apart, and I can't keep up anymore.' Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for this patient?
- A. Impaired social interaction
- B. Risk for suicide
- C. Ineffective coping
- D. Hopelessness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient's statement reflects feelings of hopelessness, which is a common symptom in major depressive disorder and often leads to a sense of despair.
Which of the following drugs is administered to minimize respiratory secretions preoperatively?
- A. Valium (diazepam)
- B. Phenergan (promethazine)
- C. Atropine sulfate
- D. Demerol (Meperidine)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Atropine sulfate (Option C), an anticholinergic, dries secretions to prevent aspiration during surgery. Valium (A) is an anxiolytic, Phenergan (B) an antihistamine, and Demerol (D) an opioid—none target secretions.
Which technique will best communicate to a patient that the nurse is interested in listening?
- A. Restating a feeling or thought the patient has expressed.
- B. Asking a direct question, such as 'Did you feel angry?'
- C. Making a judgment about the patient's problem.
- D. Saying, 'I understand what you're saying.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Restating allows the patient to validate the nurse's understanding of what has been communicated. Restating is an active listening technique. Judgments should be suspended in a nurse-patient relationship. Close-ended questions such as 'Did you feel angry?' ask for specific information rather than showing understanding. When the nurse simply states that he or she understands the patient's words, the patient has no way of measuring the understanding.