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Which of the following is a technique used to address stuttering?
- A. Purposeful speech
- B. Practical speech
- C. Delayed speech
- D. Prolonged speech
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prolonged Speech: A technique teaching new speech patterns to address stuttering, altering phrasing, articulation, and respiratory patterns.
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After taking an antidepressant for about a week, a patient reports constipation and blurred vision, with no improvement in mood. The psychiatric-mental health nurse informs the patient,:
- A. It takes approximately two to four weeks for depression to lessen, and side effects usually diminish over time'
- B. Stop the medication immediately and contact your primary care physician'
- C. You should contact your doctor. The doctor may need to change your medication'
- D. You should schedule an appointment with your ophthalmologist'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antidepressants require 2-4 weeks for therapeutic effect, and early side effects often subside, making this the most reassuring response.
A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia tells the community mental health nurse, 'I threw away my pills because they interfere with Gods voice.' The nurse identifies the etiology of the patients ineffective management of the medication regime as:
- A. inadequate discharge planning
- B. poor therapeutic alliance with clinicians
- C. dislike of antipsychotic medication side effects
- D. impaired reasoning secondary to the schizophrenia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patients ineffective management of the medication regime is most closely related to impaired reasoning. The patient believes in being an exalted personage who hears Gods voice, rather than an individual with a serious mental disorder who needs medication to control symptoms. Data do not suggest any of the other factors often related to medication nonadherence.
Which intervention would be most appropriate for a patient with bulimia nervosa who is at risk for electrolyte imbalance?
- A. Offer the patient water or an electrolyte replacement solution.
- B. Encourage the patient to engage in regular physical activity.
- C. Administer a diuretic as prescribed by the physician.
- D. Withhold food to reduce the risk of further weight gain.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Offering the patient water or an electrolyte replacement solution. This intervention is appropriate because patients with bulimia nervosa are at risk for electrolyte imbalances due to purging behaviors. Providing water or electrolyte replacement solution helps to replenish lost electrolytes and maintain proper balance.
Option B is incorrect as excessive physical activity can further deplete electrolytes. Option C is inappropriate as administering a diuretic can worsen electrolyte imbalances. Option D is also incorrect as withholding food can exacerbate the patient's condition and increase the risk of electrolyte imbalances.
The wife of a patient with schizophrenia is worried about her 17-year-old daughter and asks the nurse what symptoms mark the prodromal stage of schizophrenia. The nurse should respond by listing behaviors such as:
- A. withdrawal, poor concentration, phobic or obsessive behavior, oddities of speech.
- B. auditory hallucinations, ideas of reference, thought insertion, and broadcasting.
- C. stereotyped behavior, echopraxia, echolalia, waxy flexibility, thought-blocking.
- D. looseness of associations, concrete thinking, echolalia, paranoid delusions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the symptoms listed: withdrawal, poor concentration, phobic or obsessive behavior, and oddities of speech are characteristic of the prodromal stage of schizophrenia. During this phase, individuals may start to exhibit subtle changes in behavior and thinking, which may signal the onset of the disorder.
Choice B includes symptoms of active psychosis, such as auditory hallucinations and delusions, which are not typically seen in the prodromal stage. Choice C describes symptoms of catatonia, which are not specific to the prodromal phase. Choice D includes symptoms of acute psychosis, such as paranoid delusions, which are not typically present during the prodromal stage.
In summary, the correct answer is A because it accurately reflects the early, subtle symptoms that may precede the full onset of schizophrenia, while the other choices describe symptoms that are more indicative of later stages of the disorder.
Which of the following behaviors is most consistent with bulimia nervosa?
- A. Severe food restriction and extreme weight loss.
- B. Binge eating followed by vomiting or use of laxatives.
- C. Excessive exercise and rigid dietary rules.
- D. Overeating and no attempts to control food intake.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Binge eating followed by vomiting or use of laxatives. This behavior is most consistent with bulimia nervosa as it involves recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like self-induced vomiting or laxative use. This pattern of behavior is a key diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa.
A: Severe food restriction and extreme weight loss is more indicative of anorexia nervosa, not bulimia nervosa.
C: Excessive exercise and rigid dietary rules may be seen in various eating disorders, but it is not specific to bulimia nervosa.
D: Overeating without attempts to control food intake is more characteristic of binge eating disorder, not bulimia nervosa.