Nokea
Which of the following is a true statement about a living will?
- A. It states the client's wishes regarding healthcare if terminally ill.
- B. It specifies information regarding nontreatment only.
- C. It is legal consent.
- D. It is a type of financial agreement.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A living will states the client's wishes regarding healthcare if terminally ill. It does not specify information regarding nontreatment only, it is not a legal consent, and it is not a type of financial agreement.
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The LPN is working in a perioperative setting, and formalin is being used in an unvented room that could result in a health hazard to the other staff as well as clients. The nurse is aware that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is an agency that will fine the hospital for this type of infraction. What type of law does the LPN understand empowers OSHA to regulate for the health, welfare, and safety of federal and state citizens?
- A. Common law
- B. Civil law
- C. Criminal law
- D. Administrative law
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Statutory law empowers regulatory agencies to create and carry out the laws. These federal and regulatory agencies practice administrative law, the rules and regulations that concern the health, welfare, and safety of federal and state citizens. For example, OSHA is the federal agency that develops the rules and regulations governing workplace safety. Common law is based on earlier court decisions, judgments, and decrees. Civil law applies to disputes that arise between individual citizens. Criminal law concerns offenses that violate the public's welfare.
A client who has been diagnosed with terminal cancer states wanting no further treatment and also informs the physician of not wanting any resuscitative action taken if the client experiences a cardiac or respiratory arrest. What type of order does the nurse anticipate the physician will write?
- A. A do-not-resuscitate order
- B. Intubation and mechanical ventilation only if respiratory arrest occurs
- C. Emergency medications only
- D. Do everything except resuscitate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: DNR orders are written when clients wish to have no resuscitative action taken if they experience cardiac or respiratory arrest. Intubation, mechanical ventilation, emergency medications, and do everything but resuscitate are measures that are against the client's wishes.
The nurse is concerned about the potential to be sued for a possible act of malpractice. What essential element(s) of malpractice must be present for this to occur? Select all that apply.
- A. Harm to an individual
- B. Duty of a professional toward an individual
- C. Breach of duty by the professional
- D. Poor rapport built with the client
- E. Cause of harm is the breach of duty
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: The essential elements of malpractice must include harm to the individual, duty of a professional toward an individual, breach of duty by the professional, and cause of harm is the breach of duty. Not building a rapport can contribute to a possible malpractice suit but is not an essential element.
The LPN has the responsibility to take the vital signs for a client who had a surgical procedure earlier that day. The blood pressure results were 78/42 mm Hg from a previous 132/74 mm Hg. The LPN documented the results without reporting them to the RN in charge. The client developed shock and died 3 hours later. What type of unintentional tort may the nurse be sued for?
- A. Defamation
- B. Battery
- C. Assault
- D. Malpractice
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The law defines malpractice as professional negligence. It refers to harm that result from a licensed person's actions or lack of action. A jury must determine if the responsible person's conduct deviated from the standard expected of others with similar education and experience. All other answers are intentional torts.
The nurse understands that laws and ethics are made in order to maintain order and harmony within society. What is the difference between laws and ethics?
- A. Laws are written rules for conduct and actions, and ethics are moral principles and values that guide our behavior.
- B. Laws are written to protect society from unsavory people, and ethics are rules for appropriate behavior.
- C. Laws are written to ensure appropriate behavior and ethics are to conduct actions.
- D. Ethics determine how a client is to be treated, and laws are forms of punishment.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Laws are written rules for conduct and actions and ensure the protection of rights, and ethics are moral principles and values that guide the behavior of honorable people. Ethical standards dictate the rightness or wrongness of human behavior. The other answers do not address this as clearly.