Nokea
Which of the following is a vasodilator?
- A. Thromboxane A2
- B. Endothelin
- C. Prostaglandin E2
- D. Urotensin II
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prostaglandin E2 is a vasodilator.
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Indications for surgical closure of a VSD include the following EXCEPT
- A. patients who cannot thrive
- B. patients whose symptoms cannot be controlled between 6 and 24 months
- C. patients with pulmonary vascular disease
- D. patients older than 2 years with a large VSD associated with a Qs ratio greater than 2:1
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Surgical closure is not routinely indicated for all VSDs, especially if asymptomatic.
The nurse is talking to a parent of an infant with heart failure about feeding the infant. Which statement about feeding the child is correct?
- A. “You may need to increase the caloric density of your infant’s formula.â€
- B. “You should feed your baby every 2 hours.â€
- C. “You may need to increase the amount of formula your infant eats with each feeding.â€
- D. “You should place a nasal oxygen cannula on your infant during and after each feeding.â€
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The metabolic rate of infants with heart failure is greater because of poor cardiac function and increased heart and respiratory rates. Their caloric needs are greater than those of the average infants, yet their ability to take in the calories is diminished by their fatigue. Infants with heart failure should be fed every 3 hours; a 2-hour schedule does not allow for enough rest, and a 4-hour schedule is too long. Fluids must be carefully monitored because of the heart failure. Infants do not require supplemental oxygen with feedings.
The following statements are true regarding a screening test:
- A. Sensitivity indicates the proportion of true positives
- B. Specificity indicates the proportion of true negatives
- C. Sensitivity is inversely related to specificity
- D. Prevalence affects predictive value
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prevalence affects predictive value
The nurse provides home care instructions to the parents of a child with heart failure regarding the procedure for administration of digoxin (Lanoxin). Which statement by the parent indicates a need for further instruction?
- A. “If my child vomits after the medication administration, I will repeat the dose.â€
- B. “I will not mix the medication with food.â€
- C. “I will take my child’s pulse before administering the medication.â€
- D. “If more than one dose is missed, I will call the provider.â€
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Repeating the dose after vomiting can lead to digoxin toxicity, which is dangerous. The parent should be instructed to contact the healthcare provider if vomiting occurs after administration.
Which explanation regarding cardiac catheterization is appropriate for a preschool child?
- A. Postural drainage will be performed every 4 to 6 hours after the test.
- B. It is necessary to be completely “asleep†during the test.
- C. The test is short, usually taking less than 1 hour.
- D. When the procedure is done, you will have to keep your leg straight for at least 4 hours.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The child’s leg will have to be maintained in a straight position for approximately 4 hours. Younger children can be held in the parent’s lap with the leg maintained in the correct position. Postural drainage will not be performed unless the child has corresponding pulmonary problems. The child should be sedated to lie still, but being completely asleep is not necessary. The test will vary in length of time from start to finish.