Nokea
Which of the following is a violation of safe practice when administering insulin?
- A. Administering ordered insulin subcutaneously.
- B. Using an insulin syringe to administer the insulin dose.
- C. Drawing up the ordered dose in a 3 mL syringe.
- D. Verifying the drawn-up insulin dose with another nurse.
- G. C
Correct Answer: Subcutaneous administration and insulin syringes are correct. A 3 mL syringe lacks insulin unit markings, risking errors. Verification with another nurse is a safety practice.
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Drawing up the ordered dose in a 3 mL syringe is a violation of safe practice when administering insulin. Here's a detailed rationale:
1. Administering ordered insulin subcutaneously (Choice A) is correct as insulin is typically administered subcutaneously.
2. Using an insulin syringe to administer the insulin dose (Choice B) is correct, as insulin syringes are specifically designed for accurate insulin dosing.
3. Drawing up the ordered dose in a 3 mL syringe (Choice C) is incorrect because 3 mL syringes lack insulin unit markings, increasing the risk of dosing errors.
4. Verifying the drawn-up insulin dose with another nurse (Choice D) is a safety practice and is correct to ensure accuracy and prevent errors.
In summary, choice C is incorrect because using a 3 mL syringe can lead to dosing errors, while the other choices are safe practices in administering insulin.
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The patient with tuberculosis is now on isoniazid (INH). Which laboratory test should the nurse monitor?
- A. BUN
- B. PT and PTT
- C. Liver enzymes (LFTs)
- D. CBC
- G. C
Correct Answer: BUN, PT/PTT, and CBC aren't specific to INH. Liver enzymes are monitored due to INH's hepatotoxicity risk.
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The nurse should monitor liver enzymes (LFTs) in a patient on isoniazid (INH) due to the risk of hepatotoxicity associated with this medication. 1. Isoniazid is known to cause liver damage in some patients. 2. Monitoring liver enzymes can help detect any liver dysfunction early. 3. LFTs include tests such as ALT, AST, and bilirubin, which can indicate liver damage. 4. Regular monitoring of LFTs is essential to ensure the safe use of INH. Incorrect choices: A. BUN is not specific to INH. B. PT and PTT are not directly related to INH use. D. CBC is not specifically required for monitoring INH therapy.
Class of drugs derived from barbituric acid that act as CNS depressants and are used for their sedative and anti- seizure effect are known as _
- A. Antidepressants
- B. Anxiolytics
- C. Barbiturates
- D. Benzodiazepines
- G. C
Correct Answer: Antidepressants treat mood disorders. Anxiolytics reduce anxiety but aren't barbituric-derived. Barbiturates fit the description. Benzodiazepines aren't barbituric-based.
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Barbiturates. Barbiturates are drugs derived from barbituric acid, acting as CNS depressants for sedative and anti-seizure effects. Antidepressants (A) are used for mood disorders, not CNS depression. Anxiolytics (B) are for anxiety and not all are barbituric-derived. Benzodiazepines (D) are a different class of CNS depressants, not derived from barbituric acid. Therefore, choice C is the most appropriate based on the specific description provided in the question.
What is the priority action for a nurse caring for a client with a urinary tract infection before administering prescribed antibiotics?
- A. Obtain a blood pressure
- B. Obtain a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity
- C. Obtain a PTT
- D. Obtain a platelet count .
- G. B
Correct Answer: Blood pressure is routine, not priority. Urine culture identifies the bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity before treatment. PTT and platelet counts are unrelated to UTI antibiotics.
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Obtain a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity. This is the priority action because it helps identify the specific bacteria causing the UTI and determines the most effective antibiotic for treatment. This step is crucial for appropriate antibiotic therapy and to prevent antibiotic resistance. A: Obtaining a blood pressure is a routine assessment and not directly related to UTI treatment. C and D: Obtaining a PTT and platelet count are not necessary for assessing or treating a UTI; these tests are unrelated to UTI management. Therefore, the priority action for a nurse caring for a client with a UTI is to obtain a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity.
How does drug therapy of tuberculosis differ from that of most other infections?
- A. Patients with tuberculosis have no symptoms.
- B. Antituberculosis drugs are used extensively for treating active disease, not prevention.
- C. Patients usually require therapy for a shorter period.
- D. Mycobacteria have a cell wall that is resistant to penetration by anti-infective drugs.
- G. D
Correct Answer: TB patients can have symptoms. Drugs treat both active disease and prevention (latent TB). TB therapy is longer (6-9 months+). Mycobacteria's resistant cell wall necessitates prolonged, combined drug therapy.
Rationale: The correct answer is G. The rationale is as follows:
1. TB patients can have symptoms: TB can present with symptoms such as cough, fever, weight loss, and night sweats.
2. Drugs treat both active disease and prevention: Antituberculosis drugs are used for both treating active TB disease and preventing latent TB from developing into active disease.
3. TB therapy is longer: TB therapy typically lasts 6-9 months or longer due to the slow-growing nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the need to prevent drug resistance.
4. Mycobacteria's resistant cell wall: Mycobacteria have a unique cell wall that is resistant to penetration by many antibiotics, necessitating prolonged and combined drug therapy for effective treatment.
In summary, the other choices are incorrect because patients with TB can have symptoms, antituberculosis drugs are used for both treatment and prevention, therapy duration is usually longer, and the unique cell wall of Mycobacteria requires specific drug regimens.
What would the nurse teach a client to avoid when taking barbiturates?
- A. Nicotine
- B. Alcohol
- C. Bananas
- D. Caffeine
- G. B
Correct Answer: Nicotine and caffeine don't critically interact. Alcohol, a CNS depressant, dangerously enhances barbiturate sedation. Bananas are unrelated.
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alcohol. Barbiturates and alcohol are both central nervous system depressants, and when taken together, they can dangerously enhance sedation and respiratory depression. This can lead to overdose and even death. Nicotine (choice A) and caffeine (choice D) do not have critical interactions with barbiturates, so there is no specific teaching to avoid them. Bananas (choice C) are unrelated to barbiturate use and do not pose any risk. It is crucial for the nurse to educate the client on the dangers of combining barbiturates with alcohol to prevent adverse effects and ensure the client's safety.