Nokea
Which of the following is an appropriate method for treating dehydration in infants?
- A. Administering oral rehydration solution
- B. Providing fruit juice
- C. Increasing milk intake
- D. Administering antibiotics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administering oral rehydration solution. This is the appropriate method for treating dehydration in infants because it helps replace lost fluids and electrolytes effectively. Oral rehydration solution contains the right balance of water, salts, and sugars needed to rehydrate the infant. It is safe and easy for infants to consume. Providing fruit juice (B) is not recommended as it may contain too much sugar and not enough electrolytes. Increasing milk intake (C) can worsen dehydration due to difficulty digesting milk during dehydration. Administering antibiotics (D) is not necessary for dehydration treatment as it does not address the primary issue of fluid and electrolyte loss.
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What is the primary purpose of the Field Health Services and Information System (FHSIS)?
- A. To monitor hospital services
- B. To record and report public health services
- C. To evaluate private health services
- D. To manage health insurance claims
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To record and report public health services. FHSIS is designed to track and document various public health services provided by health facilities. It helps in monitoring disease outbreaks, health programs, and resource allocation. Choice A is incorrect as FHSIS focuses on public health services, not just hospital services. Choice C is incorrect as FHSIS does not specifically evaluate private health services. Choice D is incorrect as FHSIS does not handle health insurance claims but rather focuses on public health data collection and reporting.
What is the primary benefit of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life?
- A. Prevents childhood obesity
- B. Ensures complete nutrition for the infant
- C. Increases the risk of allergies
- D. Delays cognitive development
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months provides complete nutrition for the infant, meeting all their dietary needs. Breast milk contains essential nutrients and antibodies that support healthy growth and development. It also helps to strengthen the baby's immune system and reduce the risk of infections. Ensuring complete nutrition through breastfeeding is crucial for optimal health outcomes in the early stages of life. Preventing childhood obesity, increasing the risk of allergies, and delaying cognitive development are not directly linked to exclusive breastfeeding and are therefore incorrect choices.
Which of the following is an example of a live attenuated vaccine?
- A. Hepatitis B vaccine
- B. Inactivated polio vaccine
- C. Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccine
- D. Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DPT) vaccine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccine. Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened forms of the virus. MMR vaccine is made from weakened live viruses of measles, mumps, and rubella. When administered, the body develops an immune response without causing the disease. Choice A, Hepatitis B vaccine, is a subunit vaccine. Choice B, Inactivated polio vaccine, is a killed virus vaccine. Choice D, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DPT) vaccine, is a toxoid vaccine. Live attenuated vaccines provide stronger and longer-lasting immunity as they mimic natural infection without causing illness.
What is the primary aim of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
- A. To eliminate non-communicable diseases
- B. To increase hospital bed capacity
- C. To provide immunizations to all children
- D. To train more healthcare workers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To provide immunizations to all children. The primary aim of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is to ensure that all children receive essential vaccinations to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases. This program focuses on increasing vaccination coverage and reaching all children, especially those in underserved populations. Providing immunizations to all children helps in reducing the spread of infectious diseases and contributes to overall public health.
Incorrect choices:
A: To eliminate non-communicable diseases - This is not the primary aim of EPI. EPI primarily focuses on preventing communicable diseases through vaccinations.
B: To increase hospital bed capacity - This is not the primary goal of EPI. Increasing hospital bed capacity is related to healthcare infrastructure, not vaccination programs.
D: To train more healthcare workers - While training healthcare workers is important for delivering immunizations, it is not the primary aim of EPI. The main goal is to provide vaccinations to all children.
What is the primary purpose of administering Vitamin K to newborns?
- A. To prevent infection
- B. To promote growth
- C. To prevent bleeding disorders
- D. To enhance immune function
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary purpose of administering Vitamin K to newborns is to prevent bleeding disorders. Vitamin K is essential for the production of blood clotting factors, which helps prevent excessive bleeding. Newborns are born with low levels of Vitamin K, putting them at risk for bleeding disorders like vitamin K deficiency bleeding. Administering Vitamin K at birth helps ensure proper blood clotting function. The other choices are incorrect because Vitamin K does not directly prevent infection, promote growth, or enhance immune function in newborns.