Nokea
Which of the following is an early sign of anemia?
- A. Palpitations
- B. Pallor
- C. Glossitis
- D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pallor, or paleness of the skin, is an early sign of anemia. Anemia occurs when there is a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in reduced oxygen supply to the body's tissues. This lack of oxygen can cause the skin to appear pale due to decreased blood flow. Other common symptoms of anemia may include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness, and cold hands and feet. Palpitations, glossitis, and weight loss are not typically early signs of anemia.
You may also like to solve these questions
A preschool child is scheduled for an echocardiogram. Parents ask the nurse whether they can hold the child during the procedure. The nurse should answer with which response?
- A. "You will be able to hold your child during the procedure."
- B. "Your child can be active during the procedure, but can't sit in your lap."
- C. "Your child must lie quietly; sometimes a mild sedative is administered before the procedure."
- D. "The procedure is invasive so your child will be restrained during the echocardiogram."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct response is that "You will be able to hold your child during the procedure." It is common for parents to be allowed to hold their child during an echocardiogram to provide comfort and reassurance. This can help the child stay calm and cooperative during the procedure. Holding the child can also create a familiar and secure environment, making it easier for the healthcare provider to perform the echocardiogram successfully.
The nurse is teaching parents about prevention of urinary tract infections in children. Which factor predisposes the urinary tract to infection?
- A. Increased fluid intake
- B. Short urethra in young girls
- C. Prostatic secretions in males
- D. Frequent emptying of the bladder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: One of the factors that predisposes the urinary tract to infection is a short urethra in young girls. The shorter urethra compared to boys makes it easier for bacteria to travel up the urinary tract and cause infections. This anatomical difference in young girls increases their susceptibility to urinary tract infections compared to boys. In boys, the longer length of the urethra provides a natural barrier for bacteria to enter the bladder, reducing the risk of infection.
The nurse recognizes that the major early problem for Mr. Gabatan will be:
- A. Bladder control
- B. Quadriceps setting
- C. Client education
- D. Use of aids for ambulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The major early problem for Mr. Gabatan will likely be quadriceps setting. Quadriceps setting exercises are important for preventing muscle weakness and atrophy, especially after surgery or prolonged immobility. Strengthening the quadriceps muscles is essential for maintaining proper knee function, stability, and overall mobility. It is a crucial aspect of early rehabilitation and recovery for patients, particularly after orthopedic procedures such as joint replacements or fractures. Maintaining and improving quadriceps strength will also play a significant role in promoting Mr. Gabatan's independence and mobility during his recovery process.
While caring for a critically ill child, the nurse observes that respirations are gradually increasing in rate and depth, with periods of apnea. What pattern of respiration will the nurse document?
- A. Dyspnea
- B. Tachypnea
- C. Cheyne-Stokes respirations
- D. Seesaw (paradoxic) respirations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cheyne-Stokes respirations are characterized by alternating periods of deep, rapid breathing followed by periods of apnea. This cyclic pattern of respiration is often seen in critically ill patients and can be a sign of serious neurological or cardiac dysfunction. The nurse should document Cheyne-Stokes respirations when observing this specific breathing pattern in the child described in the scenario.
Which is a major complication in a child with chronic renal failure?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Metabolic alkalosis
- C. Water and sodium retention
- D. Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A major complication in a child with chronic renal failure is water and sodium retention, leading to fluid overload and hypertension. Because the kidneys are not functioning properly, they are unable to regulate fluid and sodium levels in the body effectively. This can result in edema, increased blood pressure, and potential heart complications. Monitoring and managing fluid and sodium intake are essential in managing this complication in children with chronic renal failure.